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Author:
Date:
2016-10-05
[Abstract] Glutamine synthetase (GS), which catalyzes the conversion of glutamate and ammonia to glutamine, is widely distributed in animal tissues and cell culture lines. The importance of this enzyme is suggested by the fact that glutamine, the product of GS-catalyzed de novo synthesis reaction, is the most abundant free amino acid in blood (Smith and Wilmore, 1990). Glutamine is involved in many biological processes including serving as the nitrogen donor for biosynthesis, as an exchanger for the import of essential amino acids, as a means to detoxifying intracellular ammonia and glutamate, and as a bioenergetics nutrient to fuel the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (Bott et al., 2015). The method for the assay of GS enzymatic activity relies on its γ-glutamyl transferase reaction by ...
[摘要] 谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS），其催化谷氨酸和氨转化成谷氨酰胺，广泛分布在动物组织和细胞培养系中。该酶的重要性通过谷氨酰胺，GS-催化的从头合成反应的产物，是血液中最丰富的游离氨基酸的事实提示（Smith和Wilmore，1990）。谷氨酰胺参与许多生物过程，包括作为生物合成的氮供体，作为输入必需氨基酸的交换剂，作为解毒细胞内氨和谷氨酸的手段，以及作为生物能量营养物来给三羧酸（TCA）周期（Bott等人，2015）。用于测定GS酶活性的方法依赖于其γ-谷氨酰转移酶反应，通过测量由谷氨酰胺和羟胺合成的γ-谷氨酰羟肟酸酯，以及反应产物与反应物的色谱分离（Deuel等人 。，1978）。 GS谷氨酰转移酶反应的概述可以在图1中找到。通过分光光度测定法在560nm的特定波长下使用酶标仪测量GS活性。该方法简单，并且具有与应用放射性标记的底物的那些方法相当的灵敏度。该修改的方法已经应用于在包括人乳腺上皮MCF10A细胞和鼠前B FL5.12细胞的培养细胞系中测定/测定GS活性，并且可以用于测量其他细胞系中的GS活性。 >
图1 。GS glutamyl ...
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