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Biosphere® plus 1000µl滤芯吸头,透明

Company: SARSTEDT
Catalog#: 70.762.211
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A Quantitative Heterokaryon Assay to Measure the Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of Proteins
Author:
Date:
2018-09-05
[Abstract]  Many proteins appear exclusively nuclear at steady-state but in fact shuttle continuously back and forth between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. For example, nuclear RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) often accompany mRNAs to the cytoplasm, where they can regulate subcellular localization, translation and/or decay of their cargos before shuttling back to the nucleus. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling must be tightly regulated, as mislocalization of several RBPs with prion-like domains such as FUS and TDP-43 causes the cytoplasmic accumulation of solid pathological aggregates that have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Traditionally, interspecies heterokaryon assays have been used to determine whether a nuclear ... [摘要]  许多蛋白质在稳态下仅出现核,但事实上在细胞核和细胞质之间连续地来回穿梭。例如,核RNA结合蛋白(RBP)通常伴随mRNA到达细胞质,在那里它们可以在穿梭回到细胞核之前调节其货物的亚细胞定位,翻译和/或腐烂。必须严格调节核质穿梭,因为几种RBP与朊病毒样结构域如FUS和TDP-43的错误定位导致固体病理性聚集体的细胞质积累,这些聚集体与肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)和额颞叶痴呆等神经退行性疾病有关。 (FTD)。传统上,种间异核体分析已被用于确定感兴趣的核蛋白是否穿梭;这些分析是基于来自两个不同物种(例如,小鼠和人类)的供体和受体细胞之间的融合,可以根据不同的染色质染色模式区分,并检测蛋白质的外观。受体核。然而,异核体的鉴定需要经验并且容易出错,这使得难以获得用于定量研究的高质量数据。此外,荧光标记的RBP在供体细胞中的瞬时过表达通常导致其异常的亚细胞定位。在这里,我们提出定量测定,其中表达接近生理水平的eGFP标记的RBP的稳定供体细胞系与表达膜标记物CAAX-mCherry的受体细胞融合,允许容易地鉴定和成像大量高可信度异核体。我们的测定法可用于测量任何感兴趣的核蛋白在不同细胞类型,不同细胞条件下或突变蛋白之间的穿梭活性。

【背景】要了解蛋白质的各种功能,重要的是找出它在细胞内定位的位置。标准的微观和生物化学方法仅在其稳态浓度高于检测阈值时才揭示蛋白质的存在。他们不排除它在短暂地定位的情况下扮演其他重要角色的可能性(Gama-Carvalho和Carmo-Fonseca,2001)。例如,许多RBP在不同的细胞区室中发挥作用,它们伴随着它们的结合mRNA(通常未检测到)并连接真核基因表达的多个步骤(Müller-McNicoll和Neugebauer,2013)。 ...

Dual Fluorescence Reporter Based Analytical Flow Cytometry for miRNA Induced Regulation in Mammalian Cells
Author:
Date:
2018-09-05
[Abstract]  MicroRNA-induced gene regulation is a growing field in basic and translational research. Examining this regulation directly in cells is necessary to validate high-throughput data originated from RNA sequencing technologies. For this several studies employ luciferase-based reporters that usually measure the whole cell population, which comes with low resolution for the complexity of the miRNA-induced regulation. Here, we provide a protocol using a dual-fluorescence reporter and flow cytometry reaching single cell resolution; the protocol contains a simplified workflow that includes: vector generation, data acquisition, processing, and analysis using the R environment. Our protocol enables high-resolution measurements of miRNA induced post-transcriptional gene regulation and combined with ... [摘要]  MicroRNA诱导的基因调控是基础和转化研究中不断增长的领域。 直接在细胞中检查该调节对于验证源自RNA测序技术的高通量数据是必要的。 对于这一研究,一些研究采用基于荧光素酶的报告基因,通常测量全细胞群,其具有低分辨率的miRNA诱导调节的复杂性。 在这里,我们提供使用双荧光报告基因和流式细胞仪达到单细胞分辨率的方案; 该协议包含一个简化的工作流程,包括:使用R环境进行矢量生成,数据采集,处理和分析。 我们的协议可实现miRNA诱导的转录后基因调控的高分辨率测量,并结合系统生物学,可用于估计miRNA的熟练程度。

【背景】MicroRNAs(miRNA)是高度保守的小型非蛋白质编码RNA(21-22nt),可调节转录后基因表达并调节基因生物学过程,如发育和细胞稳态(Lagos-Quintana et al。,2001; Fabian et al。,2010; Bartel,2018),包括miRNA表达与肿瘤进展和侵袭性相关的几种病理(Lu et al。, 2005; Di Leva和Croce,2013; Krishnan et al。,2015; Bertoli et ...

Preparation of Cerebellum Granule Neurons from Mouse or Rat Pups and Evaluation of Clostridial Neurotoxin Activity and Their Inhibitors by Western Blot and Immunohistochemistry
Author:
Date:
2018-07-05
[Abstract]  Cerebellar Granule Neurons (CGN) from post-natal rodents have been widely used as a model to study neuronal development, physiology and pathology. CGN cultured in vitro maintain the same features displayed in vivo by mature cerebellar granule cells, including the development of a dense neuritic network, neuronal activity, neurotransmitter release and the expression of neuronal protein markers. Moreover, CGN represent a convenient model for the study of Clostridial Neurotoxins (CNT), most notably known as Tetanus and Botulinum neurotoxins, as they abundantly express both CNT receptors and intraneuronal substrates, i.e., Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptors (SNARE proteins). Here, we describe a protocol for obtaining a highly pure ... [摘要]  来自产后啮齿动物的小脑颗粒神经元(CGN)已被广泛用作研究神经元发育,生理学和病理学的模型。 CGN体外培养维持成熟小脑颗粒细胞在体内显示的相同特征,包括发育致密的神经炎网络,神经元活动,神经递质释放和神经元的表达 蛋白质标记。 此外,CGN代表了梭菌神经毒素(CNT)研究的便利模型,最着名的是破伤风和肉毒杆菌神经毒素,因为它们大量表达CNT受体和神经元内基质, ie ,可溶性N-乙基马来酰亚胺 - 敏感因子激活蛋白受体(SNARE蛋白)。 在这里,我们描述了从出生后大鼠/小鼠获得高纯度CGN培养物的方案和用CNT中毒的简便方法。 我们还说明了评估CNT活性及其抑制的方便方法。

【背景】梭菌神经毒素(CNT)的大家族由破伤风神经毒素(TeNT)和肉毒杆菌神经毒素(BoNT)的多种变体形成,它们分别是破伤风和肉毒中毒的神经麻痹毒素(Schiavo et al。,2000; Johnson和Montecucco,2008; Rossetto et al。,2014)。 TeNT,七种BoNT血清型(BoNT / A至/ G)及其许多亚型是金属蛋白酶,通过切割SNARE蛋白(可溶性N-乙基马来酰亚胺敏感因子激活蛋白受体),三种必需蛋白质来阻断神经递质的释放而引起神经麻痹。控制突触小泡与突触前质膜的融合(Rossetto et al。,2014; ...

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