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Protease Inhibitor Cocktail for Use with Mammalian Cell and Tissue Extracts

Protease Inhibitor Cocktail for Use with Mammalian Cell and Tissue Extracts DMSO liquid solution

Company: NACALAI TESQUE
Catalog#: 25955-11
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Liposome Flotation Assay for Studying Interactions Between Rubella Virus Particles and Lipid Membranes
Author:
Date:
2018-08-20
[Abstract]  Rubella virus (RuV) is an enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that is pathogenic to humans. RuV binds to the target cell via the viral envelope protein E1, but the specific receptor molecules on the target cell are yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we describe a protocol for liposome flotation assay to study direct interactions between RuV particles and lipid membranes in a qualitative manner. Interactions are examined by a Nycodenz density gradient fractionation using UV-inactivated RuV particles and fluorescent-labeled liposomes consisting of pure lipids. Fractionated RuV particles are detected using standard sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by Western blot analysis for viral proteins. On the Nycodenz gradient, RuV particles ... [摘要]  风疹病毒(RuV)是一种包膜的正义单链RNA病毒,对人类具有致病性。 RuV通过病毒包膜蛋白E1与靶细胞结合,但靶细胞上的特异性受体分子尚未完全阐明。在这里,我们描述了脂质体浮选测定的方案,以定性方式研究RuV颗粒和脂质膜之间的直接相互作用。使用UV-灭活的RuV颗粒和由纯脂质组成的荧光标记的脂质体通过Nycodenz密度梯度分级检查相互作用。使用标准十二烷基硫酸钠 - 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)检测分级的RuV颗粒,然后对病毒蛋白进行Western印迹分析。在Nycodenz梯度上,与未结合的RuV颗粒相比,与脂质体结合的RuV颗粒转移至较低密度的部分。使用该方案,我们提供了令人信服的证据,即在中性pH下以钙依赖性方式,RuV颗粒与某些细胞类型中含有鞘磷脂(SM)和胆固醇的脂质膜结合。

【背景】 风疹病毒是“风疹”的致病因子,“风疹”是一种急性且相对轻微的全身性感染和“先天性风疹综合征”,一种导致严重出生缺陷的转胎胎儿感染(Hobman,2013)。阐明RuV进入的分子机制对于了解病毒病理学和帮助开发抗RuV药物是必不可少的。虽然以前的研究表明宿主细胞的膜脂质作为RuV受体(Mastromarino et al。,1989和1990; DuBois et ...

Visible Immunoprecipitation (VIP) Assay: a Simple and Versatile Method for Visual Detection of Protein-protein Interactions
Author:
Date:
2018-01-05
[Abstract]  The visible immunoprecipitation (VIP) assay is a convenient alternative to conventional co-immunoprecipitation (Katoh et al., 2015). By processing lysates from cells co-expressing GFP-fusion and RFP-fusion proteins for immunoprecipitation with GST-tagged anti-GFP Nanobody and glutathione-Sepharose beads, protein-protein interactions can be visualized by directly observing the beads bearing immunoprecipitates under a fluorescence microscope. This assay can examine a large number of protein combinations at one time, without requiring time-consuming procedures, including SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Furthermore, the VIP assay can examine complicated one-to-many and many-to-many protein interactions. Another important point of the VIP assay is the use of nanobodies for ... [摘要]  可见的免疫沉淀(VIP)测定是常规免疫共沉淀的方便的替代方法(Katoh等人,2015)。通过处理来自共表达GFP融合蛋白和RFP融合蛋白的细胞的裂解物以用GST标记的抗GFP纳米抗体和谷胱甘肽琼脂糖珠粒进行免疫沉淀,可以通过在荧光显微镜下直接观察带有免疫沉淀物的珠来显现蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用。该检测方法可以一次检测大量的蛋白质组合,无需耗时的操作,包括SDS-PAGE和免疫印迹。此外,VIP测定可以检查复杂的一对多和多对多的蛋白质相互作用。 VIP测定的另一个重要的点是使用纳米抗体进行免疫沉淀。纳米抗体是来自骆驼科(骆驼和亲戚)的单域抗体。由于其体积小,高亲和力,高特异性和稳定性,因此在E中表达的抗GFP纳米抗体。大肠杆菌可以大规模纯化,并且实际上用于免疫沉淀实验。在这里,我们描述了制备GST标记的抗GFP纳米抗体和VIP测定的方案。


【背景】细胞中的几乎所有蛋白质都通过与其他蛋白质相互作用起作用。揭示蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用网络是了解蛋白质功能的关键。已经开发了多种方法,例如酵母双杂交系统,GST pull-down和免疫共沉淀来分析蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用。最近,我们开发了一种称为可见免疫沉淀(VIP)测定的蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用分析的新方法(Katoh等人,2015)。 ...

PNGase Sensitivity Assay to Study the Folding Status of Proteins
Author:
Date:
2016-10-05
[Abstract]  This protocol aims to evaluate folding status of proteins, utilizing peptide:N-glycanase (PNGase) sensitivity. In the cytosol, PNGase works as a deglycosylation-enzyme. N-glycans on unfolded/misfolded proteins are more susceptible to PNGase than N-glycans on folded proteins because of the preference of PNGase to non-native proteins. PNGase is endogenously expressed in various cell types, including HCT116 cells, DT40 cells and mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Partial deglycosylation by PNGase can be detected by faster migration of band in SDS-PAGE. You can compare tightness of the folding among wild-type and mutant proteins of interest. This method can be used with regular molecular and cell biology equipment, but applied only to glycoproteins. [摘要]  该协议旨在评估蛋白质的折叠状态,利用肽:N-聚糖酶(PNGase)灵敏度。 在细胞质中,PNGase作为去糖基化酶。 由于PNG酶对非天然蛋白的偏好,解折叠/错折叠蛋白上的N-聚糖比折叠蛋白上的N-聚糖更易受PNG酶的影响。 PNGase在多种细胞类型中内源表达,包括HCT116细胞,DT40细胞和小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞。 通过PNGase的部分去糖基化可以通过在SDS-PAGE中更快的条带迁移来检测。 您可以比较感兴趣的野生型和突变蛋白之间折叠的紧密度。 该方法可以与常规的分子和细胞生物学设备一起使用,但仅应用于糖蛋白。

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