| Quantification of Bacterial Twitching Motility in Dense Colonies Using Transmitted Light Microscopy and Computational Image Analysis
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Author:
Date:
2018-04-20
[Abstract] A method was developed to allow the quantification and mapping of relative bacterial twitching motility in dense samples, where tracking of individual bacteria was not feasible. In this approach, movies of bacterial films were acquired using differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC), and bacterial motility was then indirectly quantified by the degree to which the bacteria modulated the intensity of light in the field-of-view over time. This allowed the mapping of areas of relatively high and low motility within a single field-of-view, and comparison of the total distribution of motility between samples.
[摘要] 开发了一种方法,可以对密集样本中的相对细菌抽动动力进行定量和绘图,在这些样本中追踪单个细菌是不可行的。 在这种方法中,使用微分干涉对比显微镜(DIC)获得细菌膜的电影,然后通过细菌随时间调节视场中的光强度的程度间接量化细菌运动。 这允许在单个视场内绘制相对较高和较低运动性的区域,并比较样本之间运动的总分布。
【背景】Pilus介导的颤动运动表示与鞭毛无关的与表面相关的细菌运动形式。抽动动力被很多细菌病原体利用,包括淋病奈瑟氏球菌和铜绿假单胞菌与潮湿的表面相互作用并移位上皮屏障。在 P。颤动动力受大量基因调控,这些基因允许IV型菌毛的延伸和回缩,以有效地将细菌细胞拖过任何给定的表面以响应环境提示(Mattick,2002; Whitchurch et al。,2004; Burrows,2005)。在我们对 P的研究中。绿脓杆菌发病机制,抽动运动性有助于细菌在内化和多层角膜上皮细菌穿过后从上皮细胞排出(Alarcon等人,2009)。在角膜感染的小鼠模型中,抽动运动对于P是重要的。绿脓杆菌毒力(Zolfaghar et al。,2003)。最近,我们发现在粘膜液体如人眼泪和唾液中发现的糖蛋白DMBT1能够抑制P细胞。绿脓杆菌抽动动力(Li等人,2017)。在那项研究中,我们利用了一种新方法来快速和可靠地量化P.绿脓杆菌抽动动力。该协议在此处介绍。 ...
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| Labeling Aversive Memory Trace in Mouse Using a Doxycycline-inducible Expression System
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Author:
Date:
2017-10-20
[Abstract] A memory trace, also known as a memory engram, is theorized to be a mechanism for physical memory storage in the brain (Silva et al., 2009; Josselyn, 2010) and memory trace is associated with a specific population of neurons (Liu et al., 2012; Ramirez et al., 2013). Labeling and stimulating those neurons will activate the memory trace (Liu et al., 2012; Ramirez et al., 2013). Memory appears to be spread over different regions of the brain rather than being localized to one area. Therefore, the methods used to trace memory have the ability to improve our understanding of neuronal circuits. In this protocol, we introduce a doxycycline-inducible expression system to label the specific neurons associated with the original memory trace.
[摘要] 存储器跟踪(也称为存储器枚举)被理论化为大脑中物理存储器存储的机制(Silva等人,2009; Josselyn,2010),并且内存跟踪与一个 特定的神经元群体(Liu et al。,2012; Ramirez等人,2013)。 标记和刺激那些神经元将激活记忆痕迹(Liu et al。,2012; Ramirez等人,2013)。 记忆似乎分布在大脑的不同区域,而不是局限于一个区域。 因此,用于跟踪记忆的方法有能力提高我们对神经元电路的理解。 在本协议中,我们引入多西环素诱导表达系统来标记与原始记忆痕迹相关的特定神经元。 【背景】记忆痕迹是记忆被存储为大脑物理或生物化学变化的理论手段(Ryan等人,2015)。在二十世纪初德国动物学家理查德·塞蒙(Richard Semon)制定记忆追踪概念之后,记忆存储的具体过程一直是神经科学领域辩论的一个未解决的话题(Poo et al。,2016)。尽管记忆机制已经成为几十年来的争论焦点,但已经一致认为,特定的神经元被用于记忆的存储(Liu等人,2012; Ramirez等人, ...
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