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200 ul TipOne natural, beveled tip in racks

Company: USA Scientific
Catalog#: 1111-1800
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FACS-based Glucose Uptake Assay of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts and Breast Cancer Cells Using 2-NBDG Probe
Author:
Date:
2018-04-20
[Abstract]  This is a flow cytometry-based protocol to measure glucose uptake of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and breast cancer cells in vitro. The method is a slightly modified and updated version as previously described (Dong et al., 2017). Briefly, the target cells are incubated with the fluorescently tagged 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) for 2 h or 30 min, and the efficiency of glucose uptake is examined using a flow cytometer. This method can be adapted to measure a variety of adipocytes, immune cells, MEFs and cancer cells. [摘要]  这是一种基于流式细胞术的方法,用于在体外测量小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEFs)和乳腺癌细胞的葡萄糖摄取。 该方法是稍微修改和更新的版本(Dong等人,2017)。 简言之,将靶细胞与荧光标记的2-(N-(7-硝基苯-2-基-1,3-二唑-4-基)氨基)-2-脱氧葡萄糖(2-NBDG)一起温育2小时或 30分钟,并使用流式细胞仪检查葡萄糖摄取的效率。 该方法可适用于测量各种脂肪细胞,免疫细胞,MEF和癌细胞。

【背景】葡萄糖是细胞的主要能量来源。葡萄糖转运蛋白家族(GLUT)负责跨葡萄糖转运葡萄糖(Kohn等人,1996)。葡萄糖摄取的变化可以反映细胞代谢的变化。例如,肿瘤细胞通常使用葡萄糖进行有氧糖酵解以支持其快速增殖。通常,与正常细胞相比,肿瘤细胞具有增加的葡萄糖摄取速率(Vander Heiden等人,2009)。 2-脱氧葡萄糖(2DG)是一种葡萄糖类似物,它以2-脱氧葡萄糖-6-磷酸(2DG6P)的形式积累在细胞中。 2DG6P长期以来一直是测量葡萄糖摄取的黄金标准(Yamamoto et al。,2011)。尽管放射性标记的2DG6P的测量是敏感的,但许多研究人员避免了这种方法,因为放射性物质的处理和处置需要特殊的程序。

另一种不可代谢的葡萄糖类似物是荧光标记的2-(N-(7-硝基苯-2-氧杂-1,3-二唑-4-基)氨基)-2-脱氧葡萄糖(2-NBDG)。该分子通过葡萄糖转运蛋白积聚在活细胞中,不会进入糖酵解途径。 ...

Preparation of Precisely Oriented Cryosections of Undistorted Drosophila Wing Imaginal Discs for High Resolution Confocal Imaging
Author:
Date:
2018-02-05
[Abstract]  The combination of immunofluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSM) is essential to high-resolution detection of molecular distribution in biological specimens. A frequent limitation is the need to image deep inside a tissue or in a specific plane, which may be inaccessible due to tissue size or shape. Recreating high-resolution 3D images is not possible because the point-spread function of light reduces the resolution in the Z-axis about 3-fold, compared to XY, and light scattering obscures signal deep in the tissue. However, the XY plane of interest can be chosen if embedded samples are precisely oriented and sectioned prior to imaging (Figure 1). Here we describe the preparation of frozen tissue sections of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc, which allows us to ... [摘要]  免疫荧光和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(LSM)的组合是高分辨率检测生物样品中分子分布的关键。频繁的限制是需要在组织内或在特定的平面深处进行成像,这可能由于组织大小或形状而不可接近。因为与XY相比,光的点扩散函数将Z轴的分辨率降低了约3倍,并且光散射使组织中的深层信号模糊,所以不可能重新创建高分辨率3D图像。然而,如果嵌入的样品在成像之前被精确地定向和切片,则可以选择感兴趣的XY平面(图1)。在这里,我们描述的果蝇翅成像光盘的冰冻组织切片的准备,这使得我们能够获得高分辨率的图像,在整个这个折叠上皮的深度。

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图1.上皮结构和未畸变的折叠模式在发育果蝇翅膀的这个冰冻部分的整个深度中都被揭示出来。通过机翼囊横向背腹节。 A.冷冻切片显示贯穿上皮深度的信号的α-连环蛋白(A',A“,洋红色)的细胞核(A,绿色)和亚细胞分布。基底表面清晰可辨(箭头)。 A是“A的数字增强图像”。 B.在显示为XZ正交视图的自顶向下视图中收集的图像的Z-堆叠揭示了α-连环蛋白(B',B“)甚至数字增强图像(B”)的细胞核(B)但很少可辨别的细节。未能揭示基底上皮表面(箭头)。 ...

NP-40 Fractionation and Nucleic Acid Extraction in Mammalian Cells
Author:
Date:
2017-10-20
[Abstract]  This technique allows for efficient, highly purified cytoplasmic and nuclear-associated compartment fractionation utilizing NP-40 detergent in mammalian cells. The nuclear membrane is not disturbed during the fractionation thus leaving all nuclear and perinuclear associated components in the nuclear fraction. This protocol has been modified from Sambrook and Russell (2001) in order to downscale the amount of cells needed. To determine the efficiency of fractionation, we recommend using qPCR to compare the subcellular compartments that have been purified with equivalent amount of control whole cell extracts. [摘要]  该技术允许在哺乳动物细胞中利用NP-40洗涤剂进行高效,高度纯化的细胞质和核相关的分室分离。 在分离过程中核膜不受干扰,从而使核部分中的所有核和核周相关成分留下。 该协议已经从Sambrook和Russell(2001)修改,以便缩减所需的细胞数量。 为了确定分馏的效率,我们建议使用qPCR来比较已经用等量的对照全细胞提取物纯化的亚细胞室。
【背景】为了充分获得对细胞过程的理解,需要分离核和细胞质隔室。 有许多协议,甚至一些商业套件可用于帮助分离两个隔间。 然而,大多数需要高离心速度,产量差异甚至验证最终产品中的污染物量的方法也是很高的。 我们的协议在低速下使用小型台式离心机,以获得高纯度的细胞质提取物和核/核周组合相关隔室,以及数据分析,以验证污染物的百分比。 迄今为止,已经测试的细胞系是293T,HeLa和GHOST细胞系。 (Galvis,2014; Galvis等,,2014)。

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