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Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: T4537
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Measuring Extracellular Proton and Anionic Fluxes in Arabidopsis Pollen Tubes
Author:
Date:
2021-02-05
[Abstract]  

The ion-selective vibrating probe has been used to detect and quantify the magnitude and direction of transmembrane fluxes of several ions in a wide range of biological systems. Inherently non-invasive, vibrating probes have been essential to access relevant electrophysiological parameters related to apical growth and morphogenesis in pollen tubes, a highly specialized cell where spatiotemporal tuning of ion dynamics is fundamental. Of relevance, crucial processes to the cell physiology of pollen tubes associated with protons and anions have been elucidated using vibrating probes, allowing the identification of diverse molecular players underlying and regulating their extracellular fluxes. The use of Arabidopsis thaliana as a genetic model system posed new challenges given their

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[摘要]  [摘要]离子选择性振动探针已被用于检测和量化各种生物系统中几种离子的跨膜通量的大小和方向。固有Ñ上侵入性,振动探针已经必需访问有关在花粉管,与心尖生长和形态发生电生理参数高度专业化的细胞,其中离子动力学的时空调谐是根本。与此相关的是,已使用振动探针阐明了与质子和阴离子相关的花粉管细胞生理学的关键过程。 ,可以识别潜在分子并调节其细胞外通量。利用拟南芥作为遗传模型系统所带来的相对赋予了新的挑战LY尺寸小,不易操纵体外。在这里,我们描述了协议优化,该优化使在拟南芥花粉管中使用离子选择性振动探针成为可能,从而确保了一致且可重复的数据。Q这样的定量的方法启用表征离子转运蛋白的突变体表现型,这是不被明显形态学和生殖缺陷直接可检测的,提供了有价值的见解分子和细胞机制。可以将此处详述的用于量化细胞外质子和阴离子通量的方案调整为其他系统和物种,同时将样品制备方法应用于相关技术,从而促进对花粉管生长和发育的研究。

[背景]生物电和离子交换的对活体细胞的相关性是毋庸置疑的,具有一个功能影响的范围内的现象,从图案形成,信令和发展癌症和其他疾病(莱,2014)。多样的技术可以被用于检测动作电位,电场,胞外电流,和离子通量。然而,它们的功能评估在体内需要小号的非侵入性的方法。理想情况下,任何感兴趣的生物系统都应在尽可能少的干扰下和最生理的条件下进行研究。这些标准是由非侵入性的离子选择性振动探头,它已被用于在很宽的测量多个跨膜离子通量达到各种实验系统,包括果蝇(布朗和O'Donnell的,2016),斑马鱼(GUH的等。,2016),小鼠皮肤(孙等人,2015年),根(他等人,2015年),水蚤(Stensberg等,2014),C.线虫(Adlimoghaddam等,2014),等等。在花粉管中,使用离子选择性振动探针定量测量细胞外离子通量对于确定主要离子(尤其是Ca ...

Mechanical Allodynia Assessment in a Murine Neuropathic Pain Model
Author:
Date:
2018-01-20
[Abstract]  Experimental animal models are unique tools (i) to study pain transmission and pathophysiology of neuropathic pain, (ii) to identify novel molecular targets and (iii) to test the potential analgesic effect of specific molecules. The chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain is the first model of post-traumatic painful peripheral neuropathy, originally developed by Bennett and Xie in the late 1980s. The chronic constriction is performed in the sciatic nerve and induces a partial denervation involving myelinated afferent axons and unmyelinated axons. Damage to unmyelinated axons is much more severe than myelinated afferents. As the model induces a partial denervation, it is very useful for the analysis of pain behaviours. Stimulation of the hind paw, a target of the ... [摘要]  实验动物模型是独特的工具:(i)研究神经性疼痛的疼痛传递和病理生理学,(ii)鉴定新的分子靶标和(iii)测试特定分子的潜在镇痛作用。神经性疼痛的慢性缩窄性损伤(CCI)模型是最初由Bennett和Xie在二十世纪八十年代后期开发的创伤后疼痛性周围神经病的第一个模型。慢性收缩是在坐骨神经中进行的,并诱导部分去神经支配,包括有髓鞘的传入轴突和无髓鞘轴突。对无髓鞘轴突的损伤比有髓神经传入者严重得多。由于该模型导致部分去神经支配,对疼痛行为的分析非常有用。刺激后爪(坐骨神经的靶标)引起可被定量的疼痛。因此,通常通过测量对von Frey丝刺激的后爪缩回反应,在坐骨神经的CCI后7,14和21天评估机械异常性疼痛。在这里,我们详细描述协议允许在小鼠中可靠和可重复的CCI模型。总的来说,研究人员最常使用这种手术模式来发现更有效的慢性疼痛状态的药物控制药物。

【背景】Bennett和Xie(1988)首先提出了神经性疼痛的慢性缩窄性损伤(CCI)模型。慢性缩窄应用于模拟创伤后疼痛性周围神经病的坐骨神经。该模型诱导了部分去神经支配,因此对定量分析疼痛行为和评价新药的镇痛效果非常有用。坐骨神经的CCI在异氟烷麻醉下进行(诱导5%,维持2%)。通过解剖将股二头肌和股浅筋膜分开以暴露坐骨神经。通过在坐骨神经周围松散地结扎一根结扎物来诱导CCI,以保持神经外循环。
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Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Imaging to Determine Inflorescence Initiation and Development in Olive
Author:
Date:
2017-10-05
[Abstract]  Here we present a protocol that describes how to image the structure of the olive axillary bud meristem with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to characterize its identity and developmental stage. Briefly, the specimen is fixed with glutaraldehyde, saturated with ethanol, dried in a critical point dryer (CPD) system, dissected, coated with a conducting material and imaged with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). [摘要]  在这里,我们提出一个协议,描述如何使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像橄榄腋芽分生组织的结构,以表征其身份和发育阶段。 简言之,将样品用戊二醛固定,用乙醇饱和,在临界点干燥器(CPD)系统中干燥,解剖,用导电材料涂覆并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)成像。
【背景】橄榄(Olea europaea)中开花诱导和花序开始的确切时间是争议的(Haberman等人,2017)。 在橄榄中,花序在冬季结束时从侧芽出现,春季开花。 我们制定了一个协议,通过在一年中的不同时间用SEM对橄榄芽中的分生组织进行成像,更好地表征橄榄花序开始的时间。 在这些SEM图像中,可以明确地确定分生组织结构,并且分生组织的定义水平可以高于以前研究中呈现的芽分生组织部分的图像。

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