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Company: Electron Microscopy Sciences
Catalog#: 16120
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Immunogold Localization of Molecular Constituents Associated with Basal Bodies, Flagella, and Extracellular Matrices in Male Gametes of Land Plants
Author:
Date:
2017-11-05
[Abstract]  Male gametes (spermatozoids) are the only motile cells produced during the life cycle of land plants. While absent from flowering and most cone-bearing plants, motile cells are found in less derived taxa, including bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts), pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) and some seed plants (Ginkgo and cycads). During development, these cells undergo profound changes that involve the production of a locomotory apparatus, unique microtubule (MT) arrays, and a series of special cell walls that are produced in sequence and are synchronized with cellular differentiation. Immunogold labeling in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) provides information on the exact location and potential function of macromolecules involved with this developmental ... [摘要]  雄性配子(精子)是陆地植物生命周期中唯一产生的运动细胞。虽然没有开花和大多数含有锥体的植物,但在少量来源的分类群中发现运动细胞,包括苔藓植物(苔藓,苔草和horn)),蕨类植物(石膏植物和蕨类植物)和一些种子植物(银杏,苏铁)。在发育过程中,这些细胞发生深刻的变化,涉及生产运动装置,独特的微管(MT)阵列和一系列特定的细胞壁,这些细胞壁依次产生并与细胞分化同步。透射电子显微镜(TEM)中的免疫金标记提供了涉及该发育过程的大分子的确切位置和潜在功能的信息。具体而言,可能将表位定位于与涉及MT产生和功能的细胞内含物相关的蛋白质。在这些植物中的精子发生对于检查构成细胞外基质的碳水化合物和糖蛋白的差异表达也是理想的,所述细胞外基质与配子形状和运动装置发育中的戏剧性建筑变化相关。在这里我们提供使用单克隆抗体(MAbs)和透射电子显微镜中免疫金标记的方法来定位精子发育不可或缺的大分子。

【背景】动植物的陆地植物是惊人的多样化,鞭毛数量从2到4万以上(Renzaglia和Garbary,2001)。在一系列同心的有丝分裂分裂内,新生精细胞(精细胞)在一个动态和生长的细胞壁的范围内经历一系列的发育变化。当细胞器重新定位和成形时,产生复杂的运动装置并且鞭毛在细胞周围伸长。同步开发在一个单一的天竺鼠中,在一个单一的成熟阶段和不同的剖面中产生数百个细胞。

这种深刻的细胞分化涉及独特的MT阵列的发展,样条和鞭毛,从离散的微管组织中心(MTOCs),唯一含有中心粒的中心体在陆地植物散发。由于基因体,鞭毛及相关复合体在发育中的雄性配子中的独家出现,精子发生的研究揭示了MT阵列的结构,组成和发育变化的重要信息,因为它们涉及细胞周期,MTOC和细胞分化(Joshi等人,1992; ...

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Centrioles, Basal Bodies and Flagella in Motile Male Gametes of Land Plants
Author:
Date:
2017-10-05
[Abstract]  Motile male gametes (spermatozoids) of land plants are coiled and contain a modified and precisely organized complement of organelles that includes a locomotory apparatus with two to thousands of flagella. Each flagellum is generated from a basal body that originates de novo as a centriole in spermatogenous cell lineages. Much of what is known about the diversity of plant male gametes was derived from detailed transmission electron microscopic studies. Because the process of spermatogenesis results in complete transformation of the shape and organization of these cells, TEM studies have yielded a wealth of information on cellular differentiation. Because green algal progenitor groups contain centrioles and a variety of motile cells, land plant spermatozoids also provide a ... [摘要]  土地植物的运动雄性配子(精子)卷曲,并含有修改和精确组织的细胞器的补体,其包括具有两至数千个鞭毛的运动器官。每个鞭毛都是从起源于新生细胞的基底体产生的,作为精子细胞谱系中的中心粒。关于植物雄性配子多样性的许多知识来自详细的透射电子显微镜研究。由于精子发生过程导致这些细胞的形状和组织的完全转化,TEM研究已经产生了关于细胞分化的大量信息。由于绿藻藻类祖细胞含有中心粒和各种运动细胞,所以土地植物精子也提供了大量的机会来检验土地殖民时期的中心粒和运动器具的演化和最终的损失。
在这里,我们简要概述了我们在过去20年进行的研究和方法,不仅阐明了这些细胞的结构多样性,而且阐明了微管组织中心的发展。 >中心粒的起源和结构复杂的运动细胞的个体发育。
【背景】土地植物的运动配子是非常多样化的,通过涉及重新定位和重塑细胞组分以及组装复杂运动器官的变革来发展(Renzaglia和Garbary,2001; Lopez和Renzaglia,2008)。由于细胞壁施加的限制,细胞和鞭毛的伸长在几乎球形的空间周围,导致成熟配子的盘绕构型(Renzaglia和Garbary,2001; Lopez和Renzaglia,2014)。卷取程度从每个单元只有一到多到十转。每个配子的鞭毛数量甚至更为可变,从苔藓植物(苔藓植物, ...

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Motile Male Gametes of Land Plants
Author:
Date:
2017-10-05
[Abstract]  The only motile cells produced in land plants are male gametes (spermatozoids), which are reduced to non-flagellated cells in flowering plants and most gymnosperms. Although a coiled architecture is universal, the complexity of land plant flagellated cells varies from biflagellated in bryophytes to thousands of flagella per gametes in the seed plants Ginkgo and cycads. This wide diversity in number of flagella is associated with vast differences in cell size and shape. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has played an important role in characterizing the external form, including cell shape and arrangement of flagella, across the varied motile gametes of land plants. Because of the size and scarcity of released swimming sperm, it is difficult to concentrate them and prepare them ... [摘要]  在陆地植物中生产的唯一的活细胞是雄性配子(精子),它们在开花植物和大多数裸子植物中被还原成非鞭毛细胞。 虽然盘绕的建筑是普遍的,但是种植植物鞭毛细胞的复杂性在种子植物银杏和苏铁中每个配子的苔藓植物双歧杆菌数量增加到成千上万的鞭毛。 鞭毛数量的多样性与细胞大小和形状的巨大差异有关。 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)在表征陆地植物各种动态配子的外形形态,包括鞭毛的细胞形态和排列方面发挥了重要作用。 由于释放游泳精子的大小和稀缺性,难以集中精力并准备在SEM中观察。 在这里,我们详细介绍了SEM制备技术,可以在植物组中产生精子细胞的良好保存。
【背景】土地植物的运动配子是非常多样化的,通过涉及重新定位细胞组分和组装复杂运动器官的转化来发展(Renzaglia和Garbary,2001)。由于细胞壁施加的限制,细胞和鞭毛的伸长在几乎球形的空间周围,导致成熟配子的盘绕构型。卷取程度从每个单元只有一到多到十转。每个配子的鞭毛数量甚至更多变化,从苔藓植物(苔藓,>随着银杏和苏铁的多样化,剩余的利用花粉管将非活动精子输送到卵细胞的种子植物中,基底体和鞭毛的所有残留都丢失(Southworth and Cresti,1997)。男性配子提供了丰富的生物学信息,包括生物多样性和细胞分化和进化(Garbary et al。,1993; Renzaglia et al。,1995; Renzaglia ...

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