| Infection of Soybean Plants with the Insect Bacterial Symbiont Burkholderia gladioli and Evaluation of Plant Fitness
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Author:
Date:
2017-12-20
[Abstract] To investigate the establishment and consequences of host-microbe interactions, it is important to develop controlled infection assays suitable for each system, as well as appropriate methods to evaluate successful infection and its associated effects. Here, we describe a procedure for bacterial inoculation of soybean plants, followed by the assessment of systemic infection and impact on plant fitness. Soybean (Glycine max) seedlings were mechanically wounded using a device that mimics insect herbivory and inoculated with known cell numbers of Burkholderia gladioli bacteria previously isolated from an insect host. The impact on the plants was evaluated by monitoring changes in height, time to flowering and chlorophyll content during plant development, and by quantifying ...
[摘要] 为了研究宿主 - 微生物相互作用的建立和后果，开发适用于每个系统的受控感染测定法以及评估成功感染及其相关作用的适当方法是重要的。在这里，我们描述了大豆植物的细菌接种程序，然后评估全身感染和对植物健康的影响。使用模拟昆虫食草动物的装置对大豆（Glycine max）幼苗进行机械性伤害，并用先前从昆虫宿主分离的已知细胞数目的伯克霍尔德氏菌（B.coli）进行接种。通过监测植物发育过程中身高，开花时间和叶绿素含量的变化以及通过与用无菌水接种的植物相比量化种子产量来评估对植物的影响。使用定量PCR和荧光原位杂交（FISH）在来自发育植物的组织中检查细菌感染的存在和增殖。
微生物与不同的真核生物建立共生关系，对宿主的适应性有着深远的影响，从有益到不利（Frank，1997）。在许多情况下，这些协会是直接或间接的影响与其他生物，如潜在的替代主机相互作用。举例来说，植物，微生物和昆虫之间有许多三方相互作用，其中微生物共生体在不同宿主之间传播并影响相关生物体的生理或生态（Frago等人）。 ，2012; Gilbert et al。，2012）。在植物性的Lagriinae甲虫中，与来自植物致病性分支的细菌（Burkholderia gladioli）建立了共生伙伴关系，表明这种关联在三方相互作用的情况下发展。先前已经证明了从 Lagria villosa ...
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| Drosophila Fecal Sampling
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Author:
Date:
2017-09-20
[Abstract] Fecal sampling is a non-invasive method which raises the possibility to study the development and the changes in the microbial community throughout different time points of a fly population or throughout different treatments. This method allows precise manipulation to trigger the fly’s physiology by nutritional interventions, bacterial infections or other stressors.
As in most other animals, the intestinal microbiota is essential for a healthy fly-life. Because Drosophila only harbors a relative simple bacterial community with a small variety of round about 8 to 10 different species, it is rather easy to build up the microbial community and to investigate microbial changes after treatment.
Another positive effect using the fly’s feces is that bacteria that ...
[摘要] 粪便取样是一种非侵入性方法，提高了在飞行群体的不同时间点或整个不同处理过程中研究微生物群落的发展和变化的可能性。这种方法允许精确的操纵通过营养干预，细菌感染或其他压力源触发苍蝇的生理学。
与大多数其他动物一样，肠道微生物群对健康的飞行生命至关重要。因为果蝇只拥有一个相对简单的细菌群落，有大约8到10个不同种类的小种，很容易建立微生物群落，并在处理后调查微生物的变化。
使用蝇的粪便的另一个积极作用是不是肠微生物群的一部分的细菌，例如Wolbachia，可以直接从分析中排除，因为它们不会排泄。
使用这种方法，生成的数据集可能反映了在简单飞行模型中研究微生物组织相关疾病的一个很好的范例，此外，可以以高通量方法测试药物。
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