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Company: Olympus
Catalog#: LG-PS2
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In vitro Time-lapse Imaging of Primary Cilium in Migrating Neuroblasts
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2020-11-20
[Abstract]  Neuronal migration is a critical step for the development of neuronal circuits in the brain. Immature new neurons (neuroblasts) generated in the postnatal ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) show a remarkable potential to migrate for a long distance at a high speed in the postnatal mammalian brain, and are thus a powerful model to analyze the molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuronal migration. Here we describe a methodology for in vitro time-lapse imaging of the primary cilium and its related structures in migrating V-SVZ-derived neuroblasts using confocal or superresolution laser-scanning microscopy. The V-SVZ tissues are dissected from postnatal day 0-1 (P0-1) mouse brains and dissociated into single cells by trypsinization and gentle pipetting. These cells are then ... [摘要]  [摘要]神经元迁移是大脑中神经元回路发展的关键步骤。产后心室-脑室下区(V-SVZ)中产生的未成熟新神经元(神经母细胞)显示出巨大的潜力,可以在产后哺乳动物脑中高速长距离迁移,因此是分析分子和神经元的强大模型。神经元迁移的细胞机制。在这里,我们描述了一种使用共聚焦或超分辨率激光扫描显微镜对V-SVZ衍生的成神经细胞进行迁移的初级纤毛及其相关结构的体外延时成像方法。从出生后的第0-1天(P0-1)小鼠脑中解剖V-SVZ组织,并通过胰蛋白酶消化和温和的移液将其分离成单个细胞。然后用编码目的基因的质粒转导这些细胞,通过离心聚集,并在Matrigel中培养2天。通过共聚焦或超分辨率激光扫描显微镜获取培养的神经母细胞及其睫状结构(包括睫状膜和基体)迁移行为的时移图像。该方法提供了有关成神经细胞形态和睫状结构时空动态的信息,并且广泛适用于各种物种中各种类型的迁移神经元和非神经元细胞。


[背景]在出生后的大脑中,神经干细胞驻留在侧脑室侧壁内衬的心室-心室下区(V-SVZ)中,并不断生成未成熟的新神经元(神经母细胞)(Obernier和Alvarez-Buylla,2019)。这些成神经细胞形成链状细胞聚集体,并通过鼻尖迁移流(RMS)彼此迁移至嗅球(OB)(Luskin,1993; Lois and Alvarez-Buylla,1994; Lois et ...

Snapshots of the Signaling Complex DesK:DesR in Different Functional States Using Rational Mutagenesis and X-ray Crystallography
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Date:
2017-08-20
[Abstract]  We have developed protocols to generate site-specific variants of the histidine-kinase DesK and its cognate response regulator DesR, conducive to trapping different signaling states of the proteins. Co-expression of both partners in E. coli, ensuring an excess of the regulator, was essential for soluble production of the DesK:DesR complexes and further purification. The 3D structures of the complex trapped in the phosphotransferase and in the phosphatase reaction steps, were solved by X-ray crystallography using molecular replacement. The solution was not trivial, and we found that in silico-generated models used as search probes, were instrumental to succeeding in placing a large portion of the complex in the asymmetric unit. Electron density maps were then clear enough ... [摘要]  我们已经开发了产生组氨酸激酶DesK及其同源反应调节物DesR的位点特异性变体的方案,有助于捕获蛋白质的不同信号状态。两个合作伙伴在大肠杆菌中的共表达,确保调节剂过量,对于DesK:DesR复合物的可溶性生产和进一步纯化是至关重要的。通过使用分子置换的X射线晶体学解决了捕获在磷酸转移酶和磷酸酶反应步骤中的复合物的3D结构。该解决方案不是微不足道的,我们发现在用作搜索探针的硅片生成的模型中,有助于将大部分复合物放置在不对称单元中。电子密度图就足够清楚了,可以进行人工建模,获得完整的原子模型。这些方法有助于解决细菌信号领域的主要挑战,即获得稳定的激酶:调节复合物,具有不同的构象状态,适用于高分辨率晶体学研究。
【背景】关于细菌信号复合物,特别是双组分系统(TCS)的结构信息仍然很少(Casino et al。,2009; Gao and Stock,2009)。 TCS包含几乎所有细菌中的感觉组氨酸激酶(HK)和响应调节剂(RR)配偶体,它们允许细胞感知环境并通过适应性反应相应地反应。尽管在信号传输中这种切换机制的重要性(Trajtenberg等,2016),结构信息对于采用不同功能状态的TCS复合体甚至更为有限。我们研究了DesK-DesR途径(de Mendoza,2014),一种来自枯草芽孢杆菌的TCS,其参与调节细胞膜组成以适应降低双层流动性的线索,如冷休克。 ...

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