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Pipette tips, 10 μl and 200 μl

Company: Gilson
Catalog#: F161630
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Isolation of Rodent Brain Vessels
Author:
Date:
2017-09-05
[Abstract]  The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing worldwide. Cerebrovascular disorders and/or conditions known to affect brain vasculature, such as diabetes, are well-known risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, the evaluation of the brain vasculature is of great importance to better understand the mechanisms underlying brain damage. We established a protocol for the isolation of brain vessels from rodents. This is a simple, non-enzymatic isolation protocol that allows us to perform comparative studies in different animal models of disease, helping understand the impact of several pathological conditions on brain vasculature and how those alterations predispose to neurodegenerative conditions. [摘要]  全世界神经退行性疾病的发病率正在增加。 已知会影响脑血管系统的脑血管疾病和/或病症,如糖尿病,是神经变性疾病的众所周知的危险因素。 因此,脑血管系统的评估对于更好地了解脑损伤的机制是非常重要的。 我们建立了从啮齿动物分离脑血管的方案。 这是一个简单的非酶分离方案,允许我们在不同的疾病动物模型中进行比较研究,帮助了解几种病理状况对脑血管系统的影响以及这些改变如何易于发生神经退行性疾病。
【背景】大脑高度依赖于通过庞大的血管网络到达的氧气和营养物质的不断供应。主要由微血管内皮细胞组成的血脑屏障(BBB),其包括脑内微血管以及周围结构,包括周细胞,星形胶质细胞和基底膜(Saraiva等,2016; Librizzi等,2017),保证控制稳态环境,保持脑细胞的健康。因此,研究如何干扰脑血管系统完整性的某些病理学是非常重要的。事实上,临床,成像,流行病学和神经病理学研究的有力证据证实了过去二十年来,脑血管疾病的存在在阿尔茨海默病(AD)和其他与衰老有关的痴呆中具有关键作用(Chui et al。,2006; Schneider et al。,2007; Gorelick et al。,2011; Wharton et al。,2011; Yarchoan et al。,2012; Bennett et al。,2013; DeCarli,2013; Toledo et ...

Snapshots of the Signaling Complex DesK:DesR in Different Functional States Using Rational Mutagenesis and X-ray Crystallography
Author:
Date:
2017-08-20
[Abstract]  We have developed protocols to generate site-specific variants of the histidine-kinase DesK and its cognate response regulator DesR, conducive to trapping different signaling states of the proteins. Co-expression of both partners in E. coli, ensuring an excess of the regulator, was essential for soluble production of the DesK:DesR complexes and further purification. The 3D structures of the complex trapped in the phosphotransferase and in the phosphatase reaction steps, were solved by X-ray crystallography using molecular replacement. The solution was not trivial, and we found that in silico-generated models used as search probes, were instrumental to succeeding in placing a large portion of the complex in the asymmetric unit. Electron density maps were then clear enough ... [摘要]  我们已经开发了产生组氨酸激酶DesK及其同源反应调节物DesR的位点特异性变体的方案,有助于捕获蛋白质的不同信号状态。两个合作伙伴在大肠杆菌中的共表达,确保调节剂过量,对于DesK:DesR复合物的可溶性生产和进一步纯化是至关重要的。通过使用分子置换的X射线晶体学解决了捕获在磷酸转移酶和磷酸酶反应步骤中的复合物的3D结构。该解决方案不是微不足道的,我们发现在用作搜索探针的硅片生成的模型中,有助于将大部分复合物放置在不对称单元中。电子密度图就足够清楚了,可以进行人工建模,获得完整的原子模型。这些方法有助于解决细菌信号领域的主要挑战,即获得稳定的激酶:调节复合物,具有不同的构象状态,适用于高分辨率晶体学研究。
【背景】关于细菌信号复合物,特别是双组分系统(TCS)的结构信息仍然很少(Casino et al。,2009; Gao and Stock,2009)。 TCS包含几乎所有细菌中的感觉组氨酸激酶(HK)和响应调节剂(RR)配偶体,它们允许细胞感知环境并通过适应性反应相应地反应。尽管在信号传输中这种切换机制的重要性(Trajtenberg等,2016),结构信息对于采用不同功能状态的TCS复合体甚至更为有限。我们研究了DesK-DesR途径(de Mendoza,2014),一种来自枯草芽孢杆菌的TCS,其参与调节细胞膜组成以适应降低双层流动性的线索,如冷休克。 ...

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