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Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Kit

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: 15140122
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Adhesion of Enteroaggregative E. coli Strains to HEK293 Cells
Author:
Date:
2018-04-20
[Abstract]  Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is a recognized cause of acute diarrhea among both children and adults worldwide. EAEC strains are characterized by the presence of aggregative adherence fimbriae (AAF), which play a key role in pathogenesis by mediating attachment to the intestinal mucosa and by triggering host inflammatory responses. The aggregative adherence fimbria II (AAF/II) is the most important adherence factor of EAEC prototype strain 042 (EAEC042) to intestinal cells. Multiple receptors for AAF/II on epithelial cells have been identified including the transmembrane signaling mucin Muc1. This protocol describes a method to measure adherence of EAEC strains to HEK293 cells expressing the Muc1 glycoprotein. [摘要]  肠道集聚性大肠杆菌(EAEC)是全球儿童和成人急性腹泻的公认原因。 EAEC菌株的特征在于存在聚集粘附菌毛(AAF),其通过介导与肠粘膜的附着和通过引发宿主炎症反应而在发病机制中起关键作用。 聚合粘附菌毛II(AAF / II)是EAEC原型菌株042(EAEC042)对肠细胞最重要的粘附因子。 已经鉴定了上皮细胞上AAF / II的多种受体,包括跨膜信号传导粘蛋白Muc1。 该协议描述了测量EAEC菌株对表达Muc1糖蛋白的HEK293细胞的依从性的方法。

【背景】EAEC是世界范围内地方性和流行性腹泻病的重要原因。尽管发展中国家儿童腹泻最常见,但EAEC还与免疫受损成人腹泻,旅行者和工业化国家的食源性疾病有关,例如由志贺毒素(Stx)2a型产生的大致致命爆发2011年在北欧的血清型O104:H4的EAEC菌株(Harrington等人,2006; Rasko等人,2011)。 EAEC发病机制由生物体粘附肠细胞,产生肠毒素和细胞毒素并最终诱导炎症的能力决定(Harrington等,2006)。 EAEC对肠细胞的依从性由AAF菌毛粘附素介导(Czeczulin等人,1997)。迄今为止,已经描述了至少5种AAF菌毛的变体,全部编码在范围为55至65MDa的毒力质粒中(Jonsson等人,2015)。 ...

3D Co-culture System of Tumor-associated Macrophages and Ovarian Cancer Cells
Author:
Date:
2018-04-20
[Abstract]  Ovarian cancer is fairly unique in that ovarian carcinoma cells can detach and spread directly through peritoneal cavity. It has been unclear, however, how detached cancer cells survive in the peritoneum and form spheroid structure. We have recently reported that there is a strong correlation between Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)-associated spheroid and clinical pathology of ovarian cancer, and that TAMs promote spheroid formation and tumor growth at early stages of transcoelomic metastasis in orthotopic mouse models. We have established an in vitro spheroid formation assay using a 3D co-culture system in which mouse GFP+F4/80+CD206+ TAMs isolated from spheroids of ovarian cancer-bearing donor tomatolysM-cre mice were mixed with ... [摘要]  卵巢癌相当独特,因为卵巢癌细胞可以通过腹膜腔直接分离和扩散。然而,目前还不清楚癌细胞如何在腹膜中存活并形成球状结构。我们最近报道,肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAMs)相关的球状体与卵巢癌的临床病理学之间存在很强的相关性,并且TAMs在原位小鼠模型中促进球体形成和肿瘤生长在转移瘤体转移的早期阶段。我们已经建立了使用3D共培养系统的体外球体形成测定法,其中小鼠GFP + F4 / 80 + CD206 F 从含有卵巢癌的供体番茄lysM-cre小鼠的球状体中分离的TAM与在含有2%基质胶的培养基中的ID8细胞(TAM:ID8比例为1:10)混合并接种到用Matrigel预包被的24孔板上。由于transcoelomic转移也与许多其他癌症,如胰腺癌和结肠癌,TAM介导的球体形成实验将提供一个有用的方法来定义卵巢癌和其他transcoelomic转移癌症的分子机制和治疗目标。

【背景】在美国,卵巢癌(OC)是第二常见的妇科癌症和主要死亡原因(Jemal等人,2009; Siegel等人,2012年) )。 OC预后不良的主要原因是腹腔内和盆腔广泛植入转移,通常手术无法完全切除。对腹膜转移现象最广泛的解释是肿瘤细胞在延伸到腹膜表面后与原发肿瘤分离,并在腹膜内播种之前通过腹膜液输送到整个腹腔。有人提出,转移瘤的转移过程可分为几个步骤:1)细胞脱落,失巢凋亡的存活和抵抗; ...

FACS-based Glucose Uptake Assay of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts and Breast Cancer Cells Using 2-NBDG Probe
Author:
Date:
2018-04-20
[Abstract]  This is a flow cytometry-based protocol to measure glucose uptake of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and breast cancer cells in vitro. The method is a slightly modified and updated version as previously described (Dong et al., 2017). Briefly, the target cells are incubated with the fluorescently tagged 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) for 2 h or 30 min, and the efficiency of glucose uptake is examined using a flow cytometer. This method can be adapted to measure a variety of adipocytes, immune cells, MEFs and cancer cells. [摘要]  这是一种基于流式细胞术的方法,用于在体外测量小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEFs)和乳腺癌细胞的葡萄糖摄取。 该方法是稍微修改和更新的版本(Dong等人,2017)。 简言之,将靶细胞与荧光标记的2-(N-(7-硝基苯-2-基-1,3-二唑-4-基)氨基)-2-脱氧葡萄糖(2-NBDG)一起温育2小时或 30分钟,并使用流式细胞仪检查葡萄糖摄取的效率。 该方法可适用于测量各种脂肪细胞,免疫细胞,MEF和癌细胞。

【背景】葡萄糖是细胞的主要能量来源。葡萄糖转运蛋白家族(GLUT)负责跨葡萄糖转运葡萄糖(Kohn等人,1996)。葡萄糖摄取的变化可以反映细胞代谢的变化。例如,肿瘤细胞通常使用葡萄糖进行有氧糖酵解以支持其快速增殖。通常,与正常细胞相比,肿瘤细胞具有增加的葡萄糖摄取速率(Vander Heiden等人,2009)。 2-脱氧葡萄糖(2DG)是一种葡萄糖类似物,它以2-脱氧葡萄糖-6-磷酸(2DG6P)的形式积累在细胞中。 2DG6P长期以来一直是测量葡萄糖摄取的黄金标准(Yamamoto et al。,2011)。尽管放射性标记的2DG6P的测量是敏感的,但许多研究人员避免了这种方法,因为放射性物质的处理和处置需要特殊的程序。

另一种不可代谢的葡萄糖类似物是荧光标记的2-(N-(7-硝基苯-2-氧杂-1,3-二唑-4-基)氨基)-2-脱氧葡萄糖(2-NBDG)。该分子通过葡萄糖转运蛋白积聚在活细胞中,不会进入糖酵解途径。 ...

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