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NaOH

氢氧化钠;苛性钠

Company: Sinopharm Chemical Reagent
Catalog#: 10019762
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Examining Autophagy in Plant by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
Author:
Date:
2018-10-20
[Abstract]  In plants, macroautophagy, here referred as autophagy, is a degradation pathway during which the double-membrane structure named autophagosome engulfs the cargo and then fuses with vacuole for material recycling.

To investigate the process of autophagy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to monitor the ultrastructure of autophagic structures and identify the cargo during this process due to its high resolution. Compared to other autophagy examination methods including biochemical assays and confocal microscopy, TEM is the only method that indicates the morphology of autophagic structures in nanoscale, which is considered to be one of the best ways to illustrate the morphology of autophagic intermediates and the substrate of autophagy. Here, we describe the ...
[摘要]  在植物中,巨自噬,这里称为自噬,是一种降解途径,在此期间,称为自噬体的双膜结构吞噬货物,然后与液泡融合以进行材料回收。

为了研究自噬过程,透射电子显微镜(TEM)用于监测自噬结构的超微结构,并由于其高分辨率在此过程中识别货物。 与其他自噬检测方法(包括生化检测和共聚焦显微镜)相比,TEM是唯一能够显示纳米级自噬结构形态的方法,被认为是阐明自噬中间体形态和自噬基质的最佳方法之一。。 在这里,我们描述了使用TEM在 Nicotiana benthamiana >叶细胞中的自噬检测分析。

【背景】自噬是真核生物中高度保守的大分子降解途径(Dikic,2017)。在植物中,自噬是由几种胁迫条件诱导的,包括饥饿,氧化应激,盐胁迫和衰老(Doelling et al。>,2002; Hanaoka et al。>,2002; Liu et al。>,2005; Bassham,2007; Liu and Bassham,2009; Luo et al。>,2017)。在自噬期间,称为自噬体的双膜囊泡在细胞质中形成并转运到中央液泡中,其中自噬体的外膜与液泡膜融合。然后被称为自噬体的单膜结构进入液泡腔并最终降解(Ohsumi,2001; Liu和Bassham,2012)。

到目前为止,已经建立了许多检测植物自噬的方法。常用的检测方法是共聚焦显微镜,电子显微镜和生化方法。至于共聚焦显微镜检测,自噬标记包括与荧光蛋白融合的ATG8,ATG5和SH3P2用于标记自噬相关结构(Zhuang ...

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) Activity Assay Protocols for Caenorhabditis elegans
Author:
Date:
2017-08-20
[Abstract]  Assays for superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities are widely employed to indicate antioxidant responses underlying the toxic effects of test chemicals. Yet, earlier studies mainly described the procedures as performed according to manufacturer’s instructions without modifications that are specific to any organisms. The present protocol describes the steps in analyzing the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in C. elegans, which is a model organism that can be used to study effects of pharmaceutical compounds and environmental pollutants. The main steps include: (1) sample preparation; (2) total protein assay; (3) SOD activity assay; (4) CAT activity assay; and (5) medium list and formula, and also data analysis and performance notes. [摘要]  超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的测定被广泛用于表明测试化学品的毒性作用的抗氧化反应。 然而,早期的研究主要描述了根据制造商的说明进行的程序,而无需对任何生物体特异的修改。 本方案描述了分析线虫中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的步骤,它是可用于研究药物化合物和环境污染物的影响的模型生物。 主要步骤包括:(1)样品制备; (2)总蛋白测定; (3)SOD活性测定; (4)CAT活性测定; 和(5)中等名单和公式,以及数据分析和绩效说明。
【背景】生物标志物是对化学,药剂或治疗干预的响应而检查生物和病原过程至关重要的。生物体内的各种生物过程导致引起氧化应激的活性氧(ROS)。为了应对这种氧化应激,生物体可以部署超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)以清除ROS,以保护细胞的稳态(Balaban等,2005)。一方面,各种化学物质(污染物)可以阻止这种抗氧化反应,并扰乱包括人类在内的生物体的健康。另一方面,许多药物旨在加强抗氧化反应以改善健康。因此,SOD和CAT的活动对于反映化学品或/和药物的潜在影响非常重要。
   秀丽隐杆线虫(秀丽隐杆线虫)是一种用于研究药物化合物(Dengg和van Meel,2004; Carretero等,2017)和环境污染物(Yu et ...

Measurements of Proline and Malondialdehyde Content and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Leaves of Drought Stressed Cotton
Author:
Date:
2016-09-05
[Abstract]  Drought stress negatively affects cotton plant growth and induces various biochemical and physiological responses in cotton plants. Proline content and antioxidant enzymes are thought to be associated with maintaining the structure of cellular components or with protecting cellular function. Study of cotton plant responses towards drought stress and investigation of the mechanism of drought tolerance are helpful to develop drought tolerant cotton plants. Here, we describe a protocol to investigate cotton plant response towards drought stress through measurements of biochemical parameters including antioxidant enzyme activities, proline content and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. [摘要]  干旱胁迫对棉花植物生长有不利影响,并在棉花植物中诱导各种生化和生理反应。 脯氨酸含量和抗氧化酶被认为与保持细胞组分的结构或保护细胞功能相关。 棉花植物对干旱胁迫的反应研究和对干旱耐受机制的研究有助于开发耐旱棉花植物。 在这里,我们描述一个协议调查棉花植物对干旱胁迫的反应,通过测量的生化参数,包括抗氧化酶活性,脯氨酸含量和丙二醛(MDA)含量。

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