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Company: SARSTEDT
Catalog#: 70.1116.210
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Assessment of Diadenylate Cyclase and c-di-AMP-phosphodiesterase Activities Using Thin-layer and Ion Exchange Chromatography
Author:
Date:
2021-01-05
[Abstract]  

All living cells use cyclic nucleotides as second messengers for signal sensing and transduction. Cyclic di-3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is primarily involved in the control of bacterial and euryarcheal osmoadaptation and is produced by diadenylate cyclases from two molecules of ATP. Specific phosphodiesterases hydrolyze c-di-AMP to the linear phosphoadenylate adenosine 5′-pApA or to AMP. Different methods including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and ion exchange chromatography (IEX) can be used to determine activities of c-di-AMP-synthesizing and degrading enzymes. Here, we describe in detail the TLC and IEX methods adapted for characterization of the diadenylate cyclase DisA and the phosphodiesterase AtaC from

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[摘要]  [摘要]所有活细胞均使用环状核苷酸作为第二信使,以进行信号传感和转导。环状二-3 ' ,5 ' -腺苷一磷酸(C-二-AMP)主要涉及细菌和控制euryarcheal osmoadaptation并且由产生diadenylate环化酶从ATP的两个分子。特定的磷酸二酯酶将c-di-AMP水解为线性磷酸腺苷腺苷5'-pApA或AMP。可以使用包括高效液相色谱(HPLC),薄层色谱(TLC)和离子交换色谱(IEX)在内的各种方法来确定c-di-AMP合成和降解酶的活性。在这里,我们详细描述了TLC和IEX方法适合于表征diadenylate环化酶DISA和磷酸二酯酶ATAC从链霉菌venezuelae 。TLC可以快速,轻松地分离放射性标记的底物和产品,而IEX避免了潜在危险的放射性底物的利用,如果没有HPLC系统,则可以用作良好的替代品。与TLC分析不同,无法使用IEX分析并行分析样品,因此更加耗时。


[背景]环核苷酸第二信使是原核和真核信号通路中的关键分子。环状二-3 ' ,5 ' -腺苷一磷酸(三二- AMP)是一种细菌第二信使与许多重要的功能,如渗压剂动态平衡调节,细胞壁代谢,生物膜的形成,DNA完整,孢子形成,毒力和生长(Fahmi et ...

A Quantitative Heterokaryon Assay to Measure the Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of Proteins
Author:
Date:
2018-09-05
[Abstract]  Many proteins appear exclusively nuclear at steady-state but in fact shuttle continuously back and forth between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. For example, nuclear RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) often accompany mRNAs to the cytoplasm, where they can regulate subcellular localization, translation and/or decay of their cargos before shuttling back to the nucleus. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling must be tightly regulated, as mislocalization of several RBPs with prion-like domains such as FUS and TDP-43 causes the cytoplasmic accumulation of solid pathological aggregates that have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Traditionally, interspecies heterokaryon assays have been used to determine whether a nuclear ... [摘要]  许多蛋白质在稳态下仅出现核,但事实上在细胞核和细胞质之间连续地来回穿梭。例如,核RNA结合蛋白(RBP)通常伴随mRNA到达细胞质,在那里它们可以在穿梭回到细胞核之前调节其货物的亚细胞定位,翻译和/或腐烂。必须严格调节核质穿梭,因为几种RBP与朊病毒样结构域如FUS和TDP-43的错误定位导致固体病理性聚集体的细胞质积累,这些聚集体与肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)和额颞叶痴呆等神经退行性疾病有关。 (FTD)。传统上,种间异核体分析已被用于确定感兴趣的核蛋白是否穿梭;这些分析是基于来自两个不同物种(例如,小鼠和人类)的供体和受体细胞之间的融合,可以根据不同的染色质染色模式区分,并检测蛋白质的外观。受体核。然而,异核体的鉴定需要经验并且容易出错,这使得难以获得用于定量研究的高质量数据。此外,荧光标记的RBP在供体细胞中的瞬时过表达通常导致其异常的亚细胞定位。在这里,我们提出定量测定,其中表达接近生理水平的eGFP标记的RBP的稳定供体细胞系与表达膜标记物CAAX-mCherry的受体细胞融合,允许容易地鉴定和成像大量高可信度异核体。我们的测定法可用于测量任何感兴趣的核蛋白在不同细胞类型,不同细胞条件下或突变蛋白之间的穿梭活性。

【背景】要了解蛋白质的各种功能,重要的是找出它在细胞内定位的位置。标准的微观和生物化学方法仅在其稳态浓度高于检测阈值时才揭示蛋白质的存在。他们不排除它在短暂地定位的情况下扮演其他重要角色的可能性(Gama-Carvalho和Carmo-Fonseca,2001)。例如,许多RBP在不同的细胞区室中发挥作用,它们伴随着它们的结合mRNA(通常未检测到)并连接真核基因表达的多个步骤(Müller-McNicoll和Neugebauer,2013)。 ...

Dual Fluorescence Reporter Based Analytical Flow Cytometry for miRNA Induced Regulation in Mammalian Cells
Author:
Date:
2018-09-05
[Abstract]  MicroRNA-induced gene regulation is a growing field in basic and translational research. Examining this regulation directly in cells is necessary to validate high-throughput data originated from RNA sequencing technologies. For this several studies employ luciferase-based reporters that usually measure the whole cell population, which comes with low resolution for the complexity of the miRNA-induced regulation. Here, we provide a protocol using a dual-fluorescence reporter and flow cytometry reaching single cell resolution; the protocol contains a simplified workflow that includes: vector generation, data acquisition, processing, and analysis using the R environment. Our protocol enables high-resolution measurements of miRNA induced post-transcriptional gene regulation and combined with ... [摘要]  MicroRNA诱导的基因调控是基础和转化研究中不断增长的领域。 直接在细胞中检查该调节对于验证源自RNA测序技术的高通量数据是必要的。 对于这一研究,一些研究采用基于荧光素酶的报告基因,通常测量全细胞群,其具有低分辨率的miRNA诱导调节的复杂性。 在这里,我们提供使用双荧光报告基因和流式细胞仪达到单细胞分辨率的方案; 该协议包含一个简化的工作流程,包括:使用R环境进行矢量生成,数据采集,处理和分析。 我们的协议可实现miRNA诱导的转录后基因调控的高分辨率测量,并结合系统生物学,可用于估计miRNA的熟练程度。

【背景】MicroRNAs(miRNA)是高度保守的小型非蛋白质编码RNA(21-22nt),可调节转录后基因表达并调节基因生物学过程,如发育和细胞稳态(Lagos-Quintana et al。,2001; Fabian et al。,2010; Bartel,2018),包括miRNA表达与肿瘤进展和侵袭性相关的几种病理(Lu et al。, 2005; Di Leva和Croce,2013; Krishnan et al。,2015; Bertoli et ...

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