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ARTTM Barrier Pipette Tips in Lift-off Lid Rack

Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: 2079E
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A Quantitative Heterokaryon Assay to Measure the Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of Proteins
Author:
Date:
2018-09-05
[Abstract]  Many proteins appear exclusively nuclear at steady-state but in fact shuttle continuously back and forth between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. For example, nuclear RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) often accompany mRNAs to the cytoplasm, where they can regulate subcellular localization, translation and/or decay of their cargos before shuttling back to the nucleus. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling must be tightly regulated, as mislocalization of several RBPs with prion-like domains such as FUS and TDP-43 causes the cytoplasmic accumulation of solid pathological aggregates that have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Traditionally, interspecies heterokaryon assays have been used to determine whether a nuclear ... [摘要]  许多蛋白质在稳态下仅出现核,但事实上在细胞核和细胞质之间连续地来回穿梭。例如,核RNA结合蛋白(RBP)通常伴随mRNA到达细胞质,在那里它们可以在穿梭回到细胞核之前调节其货物的亚细胞定位,翻译和/或腐烂。必须严格调节核质穿梭,因为几种RBP与朊病毒样结构域如FUS和TDP-43的错误定位导致固体病理性聚集体的细胞质积累,这些聚集体与肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)和额颞叶痴呆等神经退行性疾病有关。 (FTD)。传统上,种间异核体分析已被用于确定感兴趣的核蛋白是否穿梭;这些分析是基于来自两个不同物种(例如,小鼠和人类)的供体和受体细胞之间的融合,可以根据不同的染色质染色模式区分,并检测蛋白质的外观。受体核。然而,异核体的鉴定需要经验并且容易出错,这使得难以获得用于定量研究的高质量数据。此外,荧光标记的RBP在供体细胞中的瞬时过表达通常导致其异常的亚细胞定位。在这里,我们提出定量测定,其中表达接近生理水平的eGFP标记的RBP的稳定供体细胞系与表达膜标记物CAAX-mCherry的受体细胞融合,允许容易地鉴定和成像大量高可信度异核体。我们的测定法可用于测量任何感兴趣的核蛋白在不同细胞类型,不同细胞条件下或突变蛋白之间的穿梭活性。

【背景】要了解蛋白质的各种功能,重要的是找出它在细胞内定位的位置。标准的微观和生物化学方法仅在其稳态浓度高于检测阈值时才揭示蛋白质的存在。他们不排除它在短暂地定位的情况下扮演其他重要角色的可能性(Gama-Carvalho和Carmo-Fonseca,2001)。例如,许多RBP在不同的细胞区室中发挥作用,它们伴随着它们的结合mRNA(通常未检测到)并连接真核基因表达的多个步骤(Müller-McNicoll和Neugebauer,2013)。 ...

Improving CRISPR Gene Editing Efficiency by Proximal dCas9 Targeting
Author:
Date:
2017-08-05
[Abstract]  Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems function as an adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea for defense against invading viruses and plasmids (Barrangou and Marraffini, 2014). The effector nucleases from some class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems have been repurposed for heterologous targeting in eukaryotic cells (Jinek et al., 2012; Cong et al., 2013; Mali et al., 2013; Zetsche et al., 2015). However, the genomic environments of eukaryotes are distinctively different from that of prokaryotes in which CRISPR-Cas systems have evolved. Mammalian heterochromatin was found to be a barrier to target DNA access by Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9), and nucleosomes, the basic units of ... [摘要]  集群定期间隔短回归重复(CRISPR)和CRISPR相关(Cas)系统作为细菌和古菌中的适应性免疫系统,用于防御入侵病毒和质粒(Barrangou和Marraffini,2014)。来自某些2类CRISPR-Cas系统的效应核酸酶已被重新用于真核细胞中的异源靶向(Jinek et al。,2012; Cong等人,2013; Mali ,2013; Zetsche等人,2015)。然而,真核生物的基因组环境与CRISPR-Cas系统发展的原核生物的基因组环境有明显的不同。发现哺乳动物异染色质是通过化脓性链球菌Cas9(SpCas9)靶向DNA接近的障碍,并且还发现染色质的基本单位的核小体阻碍了通过SpCas9的靶DNA进入和切割[ (Knight等人,,2015; Hinz等人,2015; Horlbeck等人,2016年) ; ...

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