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Author:
Date:
2017-08-05
[Abstract] Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems function as an adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea for defense against invading viruses and plasmids (Barrangou and Marraffini, 2014). The effector nucleases from some class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems have been repurposed for heterologous targeting in eukaryotic cells (Jinek et al., 2012; Cong et al., 2013; Mali et al., 2013; Zetsche et al., 2015). However, the genomic environments of eukaryotes are distinctively different from that of prokaryotes in which CRISPR-Cas systems have evolved. Mammalian heterochromatin was found to be a barrier to target DNA access by Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9), and nucleosomes, the basic units of ...
[摘要] 集群定期间隔短回归重复（CRISPR）和CRISPR相关（Cas）系统作为细菌和古菌中的适应性免疫系统，用于防御入侵病毒和质粒（Barrangou和Marraffini，2014）。来自某些2类CRISPR-Cas系统的效应核酸酶已被重新用于真核细胞中的异源靶向（Jinek et al。，2012; Cong等人，2013; Mali ，2013; Zetsche等人，2015）。然而，真核生物的基因组环境与CRISPR-Cas系统发展的原核生物的基因组环境有明显的不同。发现哺乳动物异染色质是通过化脓性链球菌Cas9（SpCas9）靶向DNA接近的障碍，并且还发现染色质的基本单位的核小体阻碍了通过SpCas9的靶DNA进入和切割[ （Knight等人，，2015; Hinz等人，2015; Horlbeck等人，2016年） ; ...
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