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Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), White Powder, Electrophoresis, Fisher BioReagentsTM

Company: Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: BP166-100
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Deoxycholate Fractionation of Fibronectin (FN) and Biotinylation Assay to Measure Recycled FN Fibrils in Epithelial Cells
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Date:
2018-08-20
[Abstract]  Fibronectin (FN) is an extracellular matrix protein that is secreted by many cell types and binds predominantly to the cell surface receptor Integrin α5β1. Integrin α5β1 binding initiates the step-wise assembly of FN into fibrils, a process called fibrillogenesis. We and several others have demonstrated critical effects of fibrillogenesis on cell migration and metastasis. While immunostaining and microscopy methods help visualize FN incorporation into fibrils, with each fibril being at least 3 μm in length, the first study that developed a method to biochemically fractionate FN to quantify fibril incorporated FN was published by Jean Schwarzbauer’s group in 1996. Our protocol was adapted from the original publication, and has been tested on multiple cell types including as shown here in ... [摘要]  纤连蛋白(FN)是一种细胞外基质蛋白,由许多细胞类型分泌,主要与细胞表面受体整合素α5β1结合。整合素α5β1结合启动FN逐步组装成原纤维,这一过程称为原纤维形成。我们和其他几个人已经证明了原纤维形成对细胞迁移和转移的关键作用。虽然免疫染色和显微镜方法有助于可视化FN掺入原纤维,每个原纤维的长度至少为3μm,但是第一项研究开发了一种生物化学分离FN以量化原纤维并入FN的方法,由Jean Schwarzbauer小组于1996年出版。我们的方案改编自原始出版物,并已在多种细胞类型上进行测试,包括如此处所示的MCF10A乳腺上皮细胞和Caki-1肾癌上皮细胞。使用两种洗涤剂提取物,将细胞FN分离成不溶于洗涤剂或掺入原纤维的FN和可溶性FN或未掺入的级分。为了确定原纤维形成是否利用FN的再循环池,我们使用了生物素标记的FN(FN-生物素)再循环测定,其已经从先前的研究中修改。使用再循环测定和脱氧胆酸盐分离方法的组合,可以定量地证明在不同实验条件下细胞中原纤维形成的程度,并确定原纤维形成的FN来源

【背景】 纤连蛋白(FN)是普遍产生的细胞外基质(ECM)组分(Uitto et al。,1989; Mao和Schwarzbauer,2005)。纤连蛋白库是转录产生的,可以通过几种生长因子如TGF-β1增加(Yokoi et al。,2002; Mimura ...

Digestion of Peptidoglycan and Analysis of Soluble Fragments
Author:
Date:
2017-08-05
[Abstract]  Peptidoglycan (murein) is a vital component of the cell wall of nearly all bacteria, composed of sugars linked by short peptides. This protocol describes the purification of macromolecular peptidoglycan from cultured bacteria and the analysis of enzyme-digested peptidoglycan fragments using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Digested peptidoglycan fragments can be identified by mass spectrometry, or predicted by comparing retention times with other published chromatograms. The quantitative nature of this method allows for the measurement of changes to peptidoglycan composition between different species of bacteria, growth conditions, or mutations. This method can determine the overall architecture of peptidoglycan, such as peptide stem length, the extent of cross-linking, and ... [摘要]  肽聚糖(murein)是由短肽连接的糖组成的几乎所有细菌的细胞壁的重要组成部分。 该方案描述了从培养细菌中纯化大分子肽聚糖和使用高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析酶消化的肽聚糖片段。 消化的肽聚糖片段可以通过质谱鉴定,或通过比较保留时间与其他公开的色谱图预测。 该方法的定量性质允许测量不同种类的细菌,生长条件或突变之间肽聚糖组成的变化。 该方法可以确定肽聚糖的总体结构,如肽长度,交联程度和修饰。 已经使用神经肽分析来研究肽聚糖相关蛋白的功能和细菌获得抗生素抗性的机制。
【背景】肽聚糖由通过肽干连接在一起的糖骨架组成,其产生对细胞形状重要的网状结构和细菌细胞的膨胀压力。大分子肽聚糖从在细胞质中合成的单体单元组装,并由具有5个氨基酸的茎组成的具有5个氨基酸的葡萄糖胺和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖二糖组成。当单体翻转到周质中时,通过反式糖基化将其加入到聚糖链中,并且通过转肽酶将一部分肽茎连接在一起。
 包含肽干的氨基酸可以根据物种变化,但通常以L-丙氨酸,D-谷氨酸,内消旋二氨基庚二酸,D-丙氨酸,D-丙氨酸,丙氨酸,在一些革兰氏阳性中,L-赖氨酸代替二氨基庚二酸。通过直接或通过连接氨基酸连接第三或第四氨基酸的第三个氨基酸的游离胺进行交联(Schleifer和Kandler,1972)。其他常见的修饰包括氨基酸的酰胺化(Kato和Strominger,1968)和O-乙酰化(Clarke和Dupont,1992)或者N-脱乙酰化(Araki ...

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