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27 G needle

27号针

Company: Terumo
Catalog#: NN-2719S
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Structural Analysis of Target Protein by Substituted Cysteine Accessibility Method
Author:
Date:
2018-09-05
[Abstract]  Substituted Cysteine Accessibility Method (SCAM) is a biochemical approach to investigate the water accessibility or the spatial distance of particular cysteine residues substituted in the target protein. Protein topology and structure can be annotated by labeling with methanethiosulfonate reagents that specifically react with the cysteine residues facing the hydrophilic environment, even within the transmembrane domain. Cysteine crosslinking experiments provide us with information about the distance between two cysteine residues. The combination of these methods enables us to obtain information about the structural changes of the target protein. Here, we describe the detailed protocol for structural analysis using SCAM. [摘要]  取代半胱氨酸可及性方法(SCAM)是一种生物化学方法,用于研究目标蛋白中取代的特定半胱氨酸残基的水可及性或空间距离。蛋白质拓扑和结构可以通过用甲硫代磺酸盐试剂标记来注释,所述甲硫基磺酸盐试剂特异性地与面向亲水环境的半胱氨酸残基反应,甚至在跨膜结构域内。半胱氨酸交联实验为我们提供了关于两个半胱氨酸残基之间距离的信息。这些方法的组合使我们能够获得有关靶蛋白结构变化的信息。在这里,我们描述了使用SCAM进行结构分析的详细协议。

【背景】结构分析提供了关于靶蛋白功能的关键信息。 X射线晶体学和核磁共振已被用作生物学领域中的高分辨率蛋白质结构分析方法。然而,这些方法需要以非常高的浓度从膜中提取的纯化蛋白质用于膜蛋白的结构分析。取代半胱氨酸可及性方法(SCAM)是一种生化方法,用于分析目标蛋白中取代的特定半胱氨酸残基的水可及性和空间距离。使用特异性地与面向亲水环境的半胱氨酸残基反应的甲硫代磺酸盐(MTS)试剂,我们可以注释目标蛋白的拓扑结构和结构。由于标记试剂 N - 生物素氨基乙基甲硫基磺酸盐(MTSEA-生物素)对质膜是不可渗透的(Seal et ...

EAE Induction by Passive Transfer of MOG-specific CD4+ T Cells
Author:
Date:
2017-07-05
[Abstract]  Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), which is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by focal demyelination and inflammatory responses mediated by myelin-specific autoreactive CD4+ T cells. Using a passive transfer model of EAE in mice, we have demonstrated that regional specific neural signals by sensory-sympathetic communications create gateways for immune cells at specific blood vessels of the CNS, a phenomenon known as the gateway reflex (Arima et al., 2012; Tracey, 2012; Arima et al., 2013; Sabharwal et al., 2014; Arima et al., 2015b). Here we describe protocols for passive transfer model of EAE using freshly isolated (MOG)-specific ... [摘要]  实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)是多发性硬化症(MS)的动物模型,其是中枢神经系统(CNS)的慢性炎性疾病。其特征在于由髓磷脂特异性自身反应性CD4 + T细胞介导的局灶性脱髓鞘和炎症反应。在小鼠中使用EAE的被动转移模型,我们已经证明,通过感觉交感通信的区域特异性神经信号在CNS的特定血管上产生免疫细胞的网关,这被称为网关反射(Arima等, ,2012; Tracey,2012; Arima等人,2013; Sabharwal等人,2014; Arima等人。 >,2015b)。在这里,我们描述了使用新鲜分离的(MOG)特异性CD4 + T细胞或周期性再刺激的MOG特异性CD4 + T细胞系的EAE的被动转移模型的方案,其是适用于体内追踪致病性CD4 T细胞,特别是CNS(Ogura等人,2008; Arima等人) 。,2012和2015b)。
【背景】广泛接受的是,自身反应性CD4 + T细胞在MS和EAE的发病机理中起重要作用(Reboldi,2009; International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics,et al。,2011; Steinman,2014),它们是CNS的慢性炎性疾病。 ...

Stereotaxic Surgery for Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Lesions in Mice
Author:
Date:
2017-06-20
[Abstract]  Site-specific lesions are invaluable methods for investigating the function of brain regions within the central nervous system and can be used to study neural mechanisms of behaviors. Precise stereotaxic surgery is required to lesion small regions of the brain such as the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which harbors the master circadian clock. In this protocol, we describe stereotaxic surgery optimized for bilateral lesion of the mouse SCN by loading electric current. Success of the SCN lesion is verified histologically and behaviorally by monitoring arrhythmic locomotor activity. The SCN-lesioned mouse allows for the evaluation of behavioral, biochemical, and physiological consequences of ablation of the master circadian clock. [摘要]  位点特异性病变是调查中枢神经系统中脑区功能的有价值的方法,可用于研究神经行为机制。 需要精确的立体定位手术来对大脑的小区域进行损伤,例如含有主昼夜节律钟的视交叉上核(SCN)。 在本协议中,我们介绍了通过加载电流优化小鼠SCN双侧病变的立体定位手术。 通过监测心律失常运动活动,组织学和行为学验证了SCN病变的成功。 SCN损伤的小鼠允许评估主昼夜节律钟的消融的行为,生化和生理后果。
【背景】视交叉上核(SCN)是哺乳动物脑下丘脑内的一个小区域。它位于视交叉的两侧,包含约20,000个神经元。 SCN被称为主昼夜节律振荡器(时钟)的位置,并且与亮 - 暗循环同步所需。 SCN的消融是评估主昼夜节律钟的生理影响的有用策略。
与通过病毒注射或SCN特异性启动子的基因修饰相比,SCN的电解损伤具有能够快速和局部消除主昼夜节律钟的优点。通过Nissl染色手术后可以通过电脉冲定位病变,手术后一天可以开始监测活动节律。此外,通过施用化学物质的病变通常导致非特异性损伤,因此其不像电脉冲的损伤那样精确,特别是对于诸如SCN的小靶标。因此,该协议提供了一个有用的策略来评估主昼夜节律钟的效果(输出)。

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