Hanks’ Balanced Salt solution

Company: Sigma-Aldrich

Catalog#: H6648

Bacterial Cell Wall Precursor Phosphatase Assays Using Thin-layer Chromatography (TLC) and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Manuel Pazos, Christian Otten and Waldemar Vollmer

Published online: 2018-03-20

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Isolation, BODIPY Labeling and Uptake of Exosomes in Hepatic Stellate Cells

Author:

Shubham Shrivastava,

Date:

2017-12-05

[Abstract] Exosomes have emerged as an important mediator of intercellular communication. They are present in extracellular milieu and therefore, easily accessible by neighboring or distant cells. They carry mRNA, microRNAs and proteins within their vesicles and once internalized by recipient cells; they can modulate multiple signaling pathways with pleiotropic effects from inducing antiviral state to disease progression. We have previously shown that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected hepatocytes or hepatoma cells harboring genome-length replicon secrete exosomes in culture supernatants. These exosomes are taken up by hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and activate them to induce fibrosis during HCV infection. Here, we describe detailed protocols for exosomes isolation and uptake of BODIPY labeled exosomes ... [摘要] 外来体已经成为细胞间通讯的重要介质。它们存在于细胞外环境中，因此可以被邻近或远处的细胞轻易获得。它们在囊泡内携带mRNA，microRNA和蛋白质，并一度被受体细胞内化; 它们可以通过诱导抗病毒状态向疾病进展调节多种信号传导途径，具有多效性。我们以前已经显示，携带基因组长度复制子的丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染的肝细胞或肝癌细胞在培养上清液中分泌外泌体。这些外来体被肝星状细胞（HSC）摄取，并在HCV感染期间激活它们以诱导纤维化。在这里，我们描述了外来体分离和肝星状细胞摄取BODIPY标记的外来体的详细的协议。

【背景】外来体是直径为40-150nm的小的膜结合的细胞外囊泡。已在所有体液中鉴定出它们，包括尿，羊水，血清，唾液，母乳，脑脊液，鼻分泌物和组织培养的细胞系的上清液中。外泌体通过转移微小RNA（mRNA），mRNA和蛋白质来介导细胞与细胞之间的通讯。其可被邻近或远处的细胞摄取，并随后促进受体细胞中的信号传导（Schorey等人，2015）。外泌体富含蛋白质，包括四跨膜蛋白家族成员（CD9，CD81，CD63），热休克蛋白（Hsp60，Hsp70，Hsp90）和多泡体蛋白（annexins，RabGTPases和内体分选复合物，蛋白质）。最近的研究表明，外来体可以影响免疫应答（Li等人，2013; ...

Improving CRISPR Gene Editing Efficiency by Proximal dCas9 Targeting

Author:

Fuqiang Chen, Xiao Ding, Yongmei Feng, Timothy Seebeck, Yanfang Jiang and Gregory D Davis,

Date:

2017-08-05

[Abstract] Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems function as an adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea for defense against invading viruses and plasmids (Barrangou and Marraffini, 2014). The effector nucleases from some class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems have been repurposed for heterologous targeting in eukaryotic cells (Jinek et al., 2012; Cong et al., 2013; Mali et al., 2013; Zetsche et al., 2015). However, the genomic environments of eukaryotes are distinctively different from that of prokaryotes in which CRISPR-Cas systems have evolved. Mammalian heterochromatin was found to be a barrier to target DNA access by Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9), and nucleosomes, the basic units of ... [摘要] 集群定期间隔短回归重复（CRISPR）和CRISPR相关（Cas）系统作为细菌和古菌中的适应性免疫系统，用于防御入侵病毒和质粒（Barrangou和Marraffini，2014）。来自某些2类CRISPR-Cas系统的效应核酸酶已被重新用于真核细胞中的异源靶向（Jinek et al。，2012; Cong等人，2013; Mali ，2013; Zetsche等人，2015）。然而，真核生物的基因组环境与CRISPR-Cas系统发展的原核生物的基因组环境有明显的不同。发现哺乳动物异染色质是通过化脓性链球菌Cas9（SpCas9）靶向DNA接近的障碍，并且还发现染色质的基本单位的核小体阻碍了通过SpCas9的靶DNA进入和切割[ （Knight等人，，2015; Hinz等人，2015; Horlbeck等人，2016年） ; ...

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Hanks’ Balanced Salt solution

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