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10 ml syringe

Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: S7510-10
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Assessment of Caenorhabditis elegans Competitive Fitness in the Presence of a Bacterial Parasite
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Date:
2018-08-20
[Abstract]  Accurate measurements of an organism’s fitness are crucial for measuring evolutionary change. Methods of fitness measurement are most accurate when incorporating an individual’s survival and fecundity, as well as accounting for any ecological interactions or environmental effects experienced by the organism. Here, we describe a protocol for measuring the relative mean fitness of Caenorhabditis elegans populations, or strains, through an assay that accounts for individual survival, fecundity, and intraspecific competitive ability in the presence of a bacterial parasite. In this competitive fitness assay nematodes from a focal population or strain are mixed with a GFP-marked tester strain in equal proportions, the mixture of nematodes are then exposed to a parasite, and the ... [摘要]  准确测量生物体的适应度对于衡量进化变化至关重要。当结合个体的生存和繁殖力以及考虑生物体所经历的任何生态相互作用或环境影响时,适合度测量的方法是最准确的。在这里,我们描述了一种用于测量秀丽隐杆线虫种群或菌株的相对平均适合度的方案,该方案通过在细菌寄生虫存在下计算个体存活率,繁殖力和种内竞争能力的测定。在这种竞争性适应性测定中,来自焦点种群或菌株的线虫与GFP标记的测试菌株以相等比例混合,然后将线虫的混合物暴露于寄生虫,并且通过测量来确定焦点菌株的相对竞争适合度。一代后,焦点线虫与GFP标记的线虫的比例发生变化。具体地,可以实施该协议以通过确定进化线虫与祖先线虫群体的相对竞争适合度来测量实验进化后线虫宿主适应度的变化。

【背景】 准确测量适应度和适应度随时间的变化对于确定群体对自然选择的反应至关重要。尽管如此,健康是众所周知难以衡量的,因为它包含了个人的生存,繁殖力,繁殖时间,并且必须考虑到对个体的生态和环境影响。尽管在所有可能的条件下没有用于测量适合度的协议是最佳的,但是考虑到生存和繁殖力的适应度的测量,同时保持生态和环境影响不变,可能提供对给定场景的适合性的可靠总体估计。在这里,我们描述了一个用于测量 C之间相对适应度差异的协议。线虫种群或菌株,用于确定细菌寄生虫存在时进化时间内相对适合度的变化。我们利用革兰氏阴性细菌粘质沙雷氏菌作为 ...

Ciberial Muscle 9 (CM9) Electrophysiological Recordings in Adult Drosophila melanogaster
Author:
Date:
2017-07-20
[Abstract]  The complexity surrounding presynaptic recordings in mammals is a significant barrier to the study of presynaptic mechanisms during neurotransmission in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Here we describe an adult fly neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the ciberial muscle 9 (CM9) NMJ, which allows for the recording of both evoked (EPSPs) and spontaneous postsynaptic excitatory potentials (mEPSPs) at a mature glutamatergic synapse. Combined with CM9-specific genetic technologies, the CM9 NMJ provides a powerful experimental system to better understand the regulation of neurotransmitter release at a mature synapse. [摘要]  围绕哺乳动物突触前记录的复杂性是哺乳动物中枢神经系统(CNS)神经传递过程中突触前机制研究的重要障碍。 在这里,我们描述成人飞行神经肌肉接头(NMJ),西伯利亚肌肉9(CM9)NMJ,其允许记录诱发(EPSP)和自发性突触后兴奋性潜力(mEPSPs)在成熟的谷氨酸能突触。 结合CM9特异性遗传技术,CM9 NMJ提供了一个强大的实验系统,以更好地了解成熟突触神经递质释放的调节。
【背景】在老化过程中定义突触前功能变化的重要障碍是由于缺乏一个简单的模型系统,用于执行必要的电生理记录,以彻底地表征神经递质从突触前神经末梢的释放。现有的啮齿动物模型遭受与衰老研究相关的显着成本问题和在具有一致释放参数的单个定义的神经末梢上使用电生理记录的技术难度。为了克服这些障碍,我们在成年果蝇中开创了一种模型突触系统,用于分析年龄对神经传递过程中突触前功能的影响,CM9 NMJ位于飞翔的长鼻(Rawson等) ,2012; Mahoney等人,2014; Mahoney等人,2016)(图4A)。简而言之,CM9运动神经元(MN)的突触前心轴收敛于CM9肌肉的15个肌肉纤维,以形成35个独立的神经支配(Rawson等人,2012)。已显示CM9 MN对于CM9肌肉的收缩是必需的,并且是CM9肌肉的谷氨酸能输入的唯一来源(Kimura等人,1986; ...

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