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Dry bath incubator

Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: 88870004
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Preparation of Yeast tRNA Sample for NMR Spectroscopy
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Date:
2020-06-20
[Abstract]  Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are heavily decorated with post-transcriptional modifications during their biosynthesis. To fulfil their functions within cells, tRNAs undergo a tightly controlled biogenesis process leading to the formation of mature tRNAs. In addition, functions of tRNAs are often modulated by their modifications. Although the biological importance of post-transcriptional RNA modifications is widely appreciated, methods to directly detect their introduction during RNA biosynthesis are rare and do not easily provide information on the temporal nature of events. To obtain information on the tRNA maturation process, we have developed a methodology, using NMR as a tool to monitor tRNA maturation in a non-disruptive and continuous fashion in cellular extracts. By following the ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 转移RNA(tRNA )在其生物合成过程中大量修饰有转录后修饰。为了在细胞内履行其功能,tRNA 经历了严格控制的生物生成过程,导致了成熟的tRNA 的形成。此外,tRNA的功能通常是虽然转录后修饰RNA的生物学重要性被广泛理解,方法直接检测它们的RNA生物合成过程中引入是罕见的,并且不容易提供上events.To的时间特性信息获取的信息的tRNA 成熟 在此过程中,我们开发了一种方法,使用NMR作为监测细胞提取物中tRNA 成熟的无中断和连续方式。通过模型酵母tRNA 的时间分辨NMR 成熟,我们发现修饰是该方法的实施需要对具有不同修饰状态的tRNA 样品进行NMR光谱学分析,以鉴定各个修饰的NMR特征。此处将介绍用于NMR光谱分析修饰途径的tRNA 样品的生产,并在酵母tRNA Phe 上进行例证,但可以通过更改构建体的序列扩展到其他tRNA 。该方案描述了未修饰的生产通过体外转录获得tRNA 样品,并通过在大肠杆菌中重组表达tRNA 产生修饰的tRNA 样品。大肠杆菌。

[背景 ] 在生活的各个领域,合成和RNA的成熟包括在特定地点的核苷酸的转录后的化学修饰。在不同的RNA家族,tRNA基因不仅显示最高多种化学修饰,而且密度最高每转录修饰(〜中经修饰的核苷酸8-25%的tRNA 各种生物体的)(Boccaletto ...

Preparation of Mosquito Salivary Gland Extract and Intradermal Inoculation of Mice
Author:
Date:
2017-07-20
[Abstract]  Mosquito-transmitted pathogens are among the leading causes of severe disease and death in humans. Components within the saliva of mosquito vectors facilitate blood feeding, modulate host responses, and allow efficient transmission of pathogens, such as Dengue, Zika, yellow fever, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and chikungunya viruses, as well as Plasmodium parasites, among others. Here, we describe standardized methods to assess the impact of mosquito-derived factors on immune responses and pathogenesis in mouse models of infection. This protocol includes the generation of mosquito salivary gland extracts and intradermal inoculation of mouse ears. Ultimately, the information obtained from using these techniques can help reveal fundamental mechanisms of interaction between ... [摘要]  蚊子传播的病原体是人类严重疾病和死亡的主要原因之一。蚊子唾液中的组分促进血液供体,调节宿主反应,并允许有效传播病原体,如登革热,紫草,黄热病,西尼罗河,日本脑炎和基孔肯雅病毒,以及疟原虫寄生虫等。在这里,我们描述了评估蚊子衍生因子对小鼠感染模型中免疫反应和发病机制的影响的标准化方法。该方案包括产生蚊子唾液腺提取物和皮内接种小鼠耳朵。最终,使用这些技术获得的信息可以帮助揭示病原体,蚊子和哺乳动物宿主之间的相互作用的基本机制。此外,该协议还可以帮助建立疫苗或治疗剂的临床前检测改进的感染挑战模型,以考虑通过蚊子传播的自然途径。
【背景】在探测血液的同时,蚊子接种有助于喂养的唾液,但如果蚊子曾经感染过感染个体,也可能含有病原体。蚊子唾液在建立感染,促进传播,调节免疫应答和加剧西尼罗河病毒发病过程中发挥重要作用(Schneider等人,2006; Styer等人)。 ,2011),登革热病毒(Cox等人,2012; Conway等人,2014; McCracken等人,2014; Schmid ,2016),基孔肯雅病毒(Agarwal等人,2016),Semliki Forest病毒(Pingen等人,2016) ,裂谷热病毒(Le Coupanec等人,2013)和疟原虫寄生虫(Schneider等人,2011)感染。许多重要问题仍然存在,需要改进动物模型。
 而通过感染的蚊子接种最好地模仿自然传播,接种剂量的高度变异性和有限的昆虫设施的可用性导致这种程序的有限使用。此外,使用感染的蚊子时,不能控制唾液的含量和蚊子组分的存在或不存在。作为替代方案,未感染的雌性蚊子的“斑点喂养”,然后通过针对病原体进行真皮内接种,模拟了唾液在小鼠皮肤中的自然沉积并递送了一定剂量的病原体。 ...

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