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1.5 ml sterile Eppendorf centrifuge tubes

Eppendorf Flex管

Company: Eppendorf
Catalog#: 22364111
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Preparation of Purified Gram-positive Bacterial Cell Wall and Detection in Placenta and Fetal Tissues
Author:
Date:
2016-12-05
[Abstract]  Cell wall is a complex biopolymer on the surface of all Gram-positive bacteria. During infection, cell wall is recognized by the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 2 causing intense inflammation and tissue damage. In animal models, cell wall traffics from the blood stream to many organs in the body, including brain, heart, placenta and fetus. This protocol describes how to prepare purified cell wall from Streptococcus pneumoniae, detect its distribution in animal tissues, and study the tissue response using the placenta and fetal brain as examples. [摘要]  细胞壁是所有革兰氏阳性菌表面上的复杂生物聚合物。在感染期间,细胞壁被先天免疫受体Toll样受体2识别,引起强烈的炎症和组织损伤。在动物模型中,从血流到体内许多器官(包括脑,心脏,胎盘和胎儿)的细胞壁运输。该协议描述了如何从肺炎链球菌制备纯化的细胞壁,检测其在动物组织中的分布,并且使用胎盘和胎脑作为实例研究组织反应。
关键词: 细胞壁,肽聚糖,细菌炎症,神经增殖,胎儿神经发生,胎盘运输,Toll样受体2配体,肺炎链球菌

/strong>宿主对感染的反应涉及许多细菌组分的识别,包括细胞壁(CW),一种形成所有革兰氏阳性细菌表面的复合大分子。革兰氏阳性细菌的CW由肽聚糖和磷壁酸的共价网络形成。肺炎链球菌是肺炎,败血症和脑膜炎的主要原因,已经成为研究对包括CW在内的革兰氏阳性细菌感染的先天免疫反应的重要模式生物体。  当肺炎链球菌(肺炎球菌)感染时,CW成分在生长期或抗生素诱导的死亡期间从细菌释放,它在血流中循环并穿过细胞屏障,包括胎盘和血脑屏障。 CW组分具有等于或大于完整细菌的炎性活性(Tuomanen等人,1985a和1985b)。 ...

Preparation of Protein-containing Extracts from Microbiota-rich Intestinal Contents
Author:
Date:
2016-09-20
[Abstract]  The contribution of microbiota in regulating multiple physiological and pathological host responses has been studied intensively in recent years. Evidence suggests that commensal microbiota can directly modulate different populations of cells of the immune system (e.g., Ivanov et al., 2008; Atarashi et al., 2011). Recently, we showed that protein extracts from gut commensal microbiota can activate retina-specific T cells, allowing these autoreactive T cells to then break through the blood-retinal barrier and trigger autoimmune uveitis in the recipient (Horai et al., 2015). The protocol below describes the method to prepare intestinal protein-rich extracts that can be used in various in vitro and in vivo immunological studies. [摘要]  近年来,微生物群在调节多种生理和病理宿主反应中的贡献已被深入研究。证据表明共生微生物群可以直接调节免疫系统的不同细胞群(例如,Ivanov等人,2008; Atarashi等人 >。,2011)。最近,我们显示来自消化道共生菌群的蛋白质提取物可以激活视网膜特异性T细胞,允许这些自身反应性T细胞突破血液 - 视网膜屏障并触发受体中的自身免疫性葡萄膜炎(Horai等人。,2015)。以下方案描述了可用于各种体外和体内免疫学研究的富含肠内蛋白质的提取物的制备方法。

< strong=""> [背景] 肠道菌群代表一个复杂的微生物群落,提供各种各样的先天和适应性刺激物。它们从粪便样品中分离和纯化已经进行并且已经公开了方案(Mueller和Pan,2013; Verberkmoes等人,2009; Tanca等人,2014; Xiong等人,2015a; Xiong等人,2015b)。大多数这些协议已经开发的目的是进行蛋白质组学研究以表征微生物群。因此,尽管它们强调蛋白质产量和纯度,但是它们是耗时的并且可以包括影响蛋白质结构的蛋白质变性步骤(Verberkmoes等人,2009)或使用试剂(例如,叠氮化钠,SDS,苯酚),其与随后的基于细胞培养的测定不相容(Tanca等人,2014; Xiong等人,2015a; Xiong ...

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