| A Pulse–chase EdU Method for Detection of Cell Division Orientation in Arabidopsis and Juncus prismatocarpus Leaf Primordia
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Author:
Date:
2021-01-05
[Abstract] In plants, the morphological diversity of leaves is largely determined by cell division, especially cell division orientation. Whereas cell division itself is easily monitored, the detection and quantification of cell division orientation are difficult. The few existing methods for detection and quantification of cell division orientation are either inefficient or laborious. Here, we describe a pulse-chase strategy using a 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) labeling assay. Plant tissues are first incubated with EdU for a short period (pulse), followed by a long incubation without EdU (chase). Using this method, the positions of daughter cells are easily detected and can be used to quantify cell division orientation. Our protocol is rapid and very efficient for quantitative analysis of ...
[摘要] [摘要]在植物中，叶片的形态多样性在很大程度上取决于细胞分裂，尤其是细胞分裂方向。尽管细胞分裂本身很容易监测，但是细胞分裂方向的检测和定量却很困难。现有的几种检测和定量细胞分裂方向的方法要么效率低下要么费力。在这里，我们描述了使用5-乙炔基-2'-脱氧尿苷（EdU ）标记测定的脉冲追踪策略。首先将植物组织与EdU一起短时间（脉冲）孵育，然后在没有EdU的情况下长时间孵育（追逐）。使用这种方法，子细胞的位置易于检测，可用于量化细胞分裂方向。我们的协议可以快速有效地定量分析细胞分裂方向，并且可以同时应用于模型植物和非模型植物。
图形摘要：
通过脉冲追逐EdU方法清晰可见的植物细胞分裂对
[背景]植物细胞通过细胞壁彼此附接，并且不能迁移。因此，在叶片发育的早期，组织化，定向的细胞分裂在很大程度上决定了成熟叶片的形状。迄今为止，还没有报道用于有效和快速检测和定量细胞分裂取向的方法。现有方法包括使用ap CYCB1; 1 :: GUS （β-葡萄糖醛酸糖苷酶）报告基因线（末期）可视化子核（末期）（Horiguchi et al。，2011）或使用4'，6-diamidino可视化纺锤状赤道（中期） -2-苯基吲哚（DAPI）染色（Fukushima et ...
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| Determination of H+-ATPase Activity in Arabidopsis Guard Cell Protoplasts through H+-pumping Measurement and H+-ATPase Quantification
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Author:
Date:
2017-12-20
[Abstract] The opening of stomata in plants in response to blue light is driven by the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in guard cells. To evaluate the activation of the H+-ATPase in vivo, we can use H+-pumping by guard cells in response to blue light and fusicoccin. To do this, it is required to prepare a large amount of guard cell protoplasts and measure H+-pumping in the protoplasts. It is also necessary to determine the protein amount of H+-ATPase. In this protocol, we describe the procedures required for these preparations and measurements.
[摘要] 响应蓝光的植物气孔的开放是由保卫细胞中的质膜H + -ATPase驱动的。 为了评价体内H + -ATP酶的激活，我们可以使用H + +保卫细胞对蓝光的响应，fusicoccin。 为此，需要制备大量的保卫细胞原生质体，并测量原生质体中的H + - 抽吸。 还需要确定H + -ATP酶的蛋白质量。 在这个协议中，我们描述了这些准备和测量所需的程序。
【背景】响应于蓝光的气孔的开放是由穿过保卫细胞质膜上的H +介导的膜超极化驱动的（Assmann等，1985; Shimazaki等人，1986），并且是由质膜H + -ATP酶引起的（Kinoshita和Shimazaki，1999）。 H + -ATP酶在膜上产生电化学梯度，并提供植物细胞中许多次级运输所需的能量。然而，测量体内H + -ATP酶活性并不容易。利用保卫细胞的蓝光敏感特性，我们的方法可以将体内H +泵送作为体内测量H + + 使用拟南芥保卫细胞原生质体的ATP酶活性（Ueno等人，2005）。与通过蛋白质印迹（Yamauchi等人，2016）的Hβ+ -ATPase定量一起，该方法允许比较Hβ+ -ATPase活性不同的条件或突变背景。
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| Purification of Flagellin from Acidovorax avenae and Analysis of Plant Immune Responses Induced by the Purified Flagellin
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Author:
Date:
2016-08-20
[Abstract] Plants sense potential pathogens by recognizing conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that cause PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) including the generation of reactive oxygen species, callose deposition, and expression of several PTI-related genes. Acidovorax avenae is a Gam-negative bacterium that causes a seedling disease characterized by the deposition of brown stripes on the sheaths of infected plants. We previously reported that flagellin isolated from the rice avirulent A. avenae N1141 strain induces PTI, while flagellin isolated from the rice virulent A. avenae K1 strain does not induce PTI. To examine the molecular mechanism of specific PTI induction by N1141 flagellin, highly purified flagellin from N1141 or K1 strains is required. Here, ...
[摘要] 植物通过识别引起PAMP触发的免疫（PTI）的保守的病原体相关分子模式（PAMP）来感测潜在的病原体，包括活性氧的产生，胼lose质沉积和几个PTI相关基因的表达。 酸性弧菌是一种革兰氏阴性细菌，其导致幼苗疾病，其特征在于在感染的植物的鞘上沉积棕色条纹。 我们以前报告了从无毒力的大米中分离的鞭毛蛋白。 avenae N1141菌株诱导PTI，而从水稻毒力分离的鞭毛蛋白。 avenae K1株不诱导PTI。 为了检查N1141鞭毛蛋白的特异性PTI诱导的分子机制，需要来自N1141或K1菌株的高度纯化的鞭毛蛋白。 在这里，我们描述了一种高质量的纯化方法。 avenae鞭毛蛋白，并用于PTI诱导研究。
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