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Acetonitrile (HPLC), Fisher Chemical

Company: Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: A998
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Rapid Isolation and Purification of Secreted Bacteriocins from Streptococcus mutans and Other Lactic Acid Bacteria
Author:
Date:
2020-11-20
[Abstract]   Bacteriocins are small ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides produced by some microorganisms including lactic acid bacteria (LAB), a group of Gram-positive bacteria (cocci, rods) expressing high tolerance for low pH. Bacteriocins kill bacteria rapidly and are biologically active at very low concentrations. Bacteriocins produced by LAB are primarily active against closely related bacterial species. Many bacteriocins have been investigated with respect to their potential use in promoting human, plant, and animal health, and as food biopreservatives. Bacteriocins produced by LAB are particularly interesting since several LAB have been granted GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status. Because it is not always possible to extract active bacteriocins secreted from cells grown in ... [摘要]  [摘要]细菌素是由一些核糖体合成的抗菌肽微生物,包括乳酸菌(LAB),一组革兰氏阳性菌(球菌,棒)表现出对低pH的高耐受性。细菌素可迅速杀死细菌,并在极高的温度下具有生物活性。低浓度。LAB生产的细菌素主要对紧密相关的细菌具有活性种类。已经研究了许多细菌素在促进细菌生长方面的潜在用途。对人类,植物和动物健康,以及作为食品生物防腐剂。LAB生产的细菌素是特别有趣的是,由于一些实验室已获得GRAS(通常被认为是安全的)状态。因为并非总是可能提取液体中生长的细胞分泌的活性细菌素介质,我们开发了一种使用半固体的简单而廉价的肽提取程序营养丰富的琼脂培养基。我们在此提出一种详细的程序,以快速提取出从口腔物种分泌的生物活性细菌素肽变异链球菌,多产的菌种的生产及其在其他实验室提取细菌素的潜在应用(例如,链球菌,乳球菌,肠球菌)。我们还提出了一种简单的检测方法纯化的细胞外肽提取物的细菌素活性测定

[背景]自然界中的大多数细菌并不是独立存在,而是存在于复杂的多物种中生物膜群落(López等,2010)。两者之间存在大量的身体和营养相互作用细菌有助于生物膜的生长和存活。细菌素的产生和分泌细胞外空间为生产者与其他竞争者赋予了独特的生态优势存在于同一生态位中的细菌(Donia and ...

Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry of Oxygen Sensitive Proteins
Author:
Date:
2018-03-20
[Abstract]  The protocol detailed here describes a way to perform hydrogen deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) on oxygen sensitive proteins. HDX-MS is a powerful tool for studying the protein structure-function relationship. Applying this technique to anaerobic proteins provides insight into the mechanism of proteins that perform oxygen sensitive chemistry. A problem when using HDX-MS to study anaerobic proteins is that there are many parts that require constant movement into and out of an anaerobic chamber. This can affect the seal, increasing the likelihood of oxygen exposure. Exposure to oxygen causes the cofactors bound to these proteins, a common example being FeS clusters, to no longer interact with the amino acid residues responsible for coordinating the FeS clusters, ... [摘要]  本文详述的方案描述了一种在氧敏感蛋白质上进行氢氘交换偶联质谱(HDX-MS)的方法。 HDX-MS是研究蛋白质结构 - 功能关系的强大工具。将这种技术应用于厌氧蛋白质可以深入了解执行氧敏化学的蛋白质的机制。使用HDX-MS研究厌氧蛋白时的一个问题是,有许多部分需要不断运动进出厌氧室。这会影响密封,增加氧气暴露的可能性。暴露于氧气使得与这些蛋白质结合的辅因子(一个常见的例子是FeS簇)不再与负责配位FeS簇的氨基酸残基相互作用,造成簇的丢失和蛋白质的不可逆失活。为了解决这个问题,开发了一种双瓶系统,可以厌氧地制备溶液和反应混合物,但也可以将这些溶液转移到有氧环境中,同时屏蔽溶液中的氧气。此外,运动不受限制,就像厌氧室一样,确保更一致的数据,并在反应过程中减少错误。

【背景】许多氧敏感蛋白质是生物在缺氧环境中繁殖所必需的。这些蛋白质中的一些通过被称为基于黄素的电子分叉(FBEB)(Lubner等,2017)的方法向厌氧微生物提供替代的能量供应。 FBEB产生还原型铁氧还蛋白,可被氧化产生能量。能够降低铁氧还蛋白的蛋白质引起了极大的兴趣,并且一直是最近使用HDX-MS研究的重点(Demmer et al。,2016; Lubner 等人), 2017; Berry等人,2018)。 ...

Digestion of Peptidoglycan and Analysis of Soluble Fragments
Author:
Date:
2017-08-05
[Abstract]  Peptidoglycan (murein) is a vital component of the cell wall of nearly all bacteria, composed of sugars linked by short peptides. This protocol describes the purification of macromolecular peptidoglycan from cultured bacteria and the analysis of enzyme-digested peptidoglycan fragments using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Digested peptidoglycan fragments can be identified by mass spectrometry, or predicted by comparing retention times with other published chromatograms. The quantitative nature of this method allows for the measurement of changes to peptidoglycan composition between different species of bacteria, growth conditions, or mutations. This method can determine the overall architecture of peptidoglycan, such as peptide stem length, the extent of cross-linking, and ... [摘要]  肽聚糖(murein)是由短肽连接的糖组成的几乎所有细菌的细胞壁的重要组成部分。 该方案描述了从培养细菌中纯化大分子肽聚糖和使用高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析酶消化的肽聚糖片段。 消化的肽聚糖片段可以通过质谱鉴定,或通过比较保留时间与其他公开的色谱图预测。 该方法的定量性质允许测量不同种类的细菌,生长条件或突变之间肽聚糖组成的变化。 该方法可以确定肽聚糖的总体结构,如肽长度,交联程度和修饰。 已经使用神经肽分析来研究肽聚糖相关蛋白的功能和细菌获得抗生素抗性的机制。
【背景】肽聚糖由通过肽干连接在一起的糖骨架组成,其产生对细胞形状重要的网状结构和细菌细胞的膨胀压力。大分子肽聚糖从在细胞质中合成的单体单元组装,并由具有5个氨基酸的茎组成的具有5个氨基酸的葡萄糖胺和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖二糖组成。当单体翻转到周质中时,通过反式糖基化将其加入到聚糖链中,并且通过转肽酶将一部分肽茎连接在一起。
 包含肽干的氨基酸可以根据物种变化,但通常以L-丙氨酸,D-谷氨酸,内消旋二氨基庚二酸,D-丙氨酸,D-丙氨酸,丙氨酸,在一些革兰氏阳性中,L-赖氨酸代替二氨基庚二酸。通过直接或通过连接氨基酸连接第三或第四氨基酸的第三个氨基酸的游离胺进行交联(Schleifer和Kandler,1972)。其他常见的修饰包括氨基酸的酰胺化(Kato和Strominger,1968)和O-乙酰化(Clarke和Dupont,1992)或者N-脱乙酰化(Araki ...

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