| In vitro Measurement of CMP-Sialic Acid Transporter Activity in Reconstituted Proteoliposomes
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Author:
Date:
2020-03-20
[Abstract] Nucleotide-sugar transporters (NSTs) facilitate eukaryotic cellular glycosylation by transporting nucleotide-sugar conjugates into the Golgi lumen and endoplasmic reticulum for use by glycosyltransferases, while also transferring nucleotide monophosphate byproducts to the cytoplasm. Mutations in this family of proteins can cause a number of significant cellular pathologies, and wild type members can act as virulence factors for many parasites and fungi. Here, we describe an in vitro assay to measure the transport activity of the CMP-sialic acid transporter (CST), one of seven NSTs found in mammals. While in vitro transport assays have been previously described for CST, these studies failed to account for the fact that 1) commercially available stocks of CMP-sialic acid ...
[摘要] [ 摘要] 核苷酸糖转运蛋白（NST）通过将核苷酸糖结合物转运到高尔基腔和内质网供糖基转移酶使用，同时将核苷酸单磷酸副产物转移到细胞质中，从而促进了真核细胞的糖基化。该蛋白质家族的突变可引起许多重要的细胞病理，野生型成员可充当许多寄生虫和真菌的致病因子。在这里，我们描述了一种体外测定法，以测量CMP-唾液酸转运蛋白（CST）的转运活性，CMP-唾液酸转运蛋白（CST）是在哺乳动物中发现的七个NST之一。虽然在体外 以前已经针对CST进行了转运分析，但这些研究未能说明以下事实：1 ）CMP- 唾液酸（CMP-Sia ）的商业库存由约10％的高亲和力CMP组成，以及2）CMP- SIA 是水解d 到CMP和在水溶液中的唾液酸。在这里，我们描述了一种用非选择性磷酸酶南极磷酸酶治疗CMP-Sia的方法，以将所有游离CMP转化为胞苷。这使我们能够准确地测量重组为蛋白脂质体的纯化CST的底物亲和力和运输动力学。
[ 背景技术]一旦在细胞质或细胞核合成，核苷酸偶联的糖被输送到内质网的内腔（ER）由核苷酸-糖转运蛋白（NSTS）或高尔基体（青木等人，2003）。在这些亚细胞区室中，糖基转移酶利用糖部分糖基化脂质和蛋白质，产生副产物核苷酸单磷酸酯（NMP）（Capasso和Hirschberg，1984 ；Milla和Hirschberg ，1989； ...
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| Expression and Purification of a Mammalian P2X7 Receptor from Sf9 Insect Cells
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Author:
Date:
2017-09-05
[Abstract] The P2X7 receptor is an extracellular ATP-gated ion channel found only in eukaryotes (Bartlett et al., 2014). Due to its unique properties among P2X receptors, such as formation of a large conductance pore, the P2X7 receptor has been implicated in devastating diseases like chronic pain (North and Jarvis, 2013). However, mechanisms underlying the P2X7 specific properties remain poorly understood, partly because purification of this eukaryotic membrane protein has been challenging. Here we describe a detailed protocol for expressing and purifying a mammalian P2X7 receptor using an insect cell-baculovirus system. The P2X7 receptor is expressed in Sf9 insect cells as a GFP fusion protein and solubilized with a buffer containing Triton X-100 detergent. The P2X7-GFP fusion protein is ...
[摘要] P2X7受体是仅在真核生物中发现的胞外ATP门控离子通道（Bartlett等，2014）。由于其P2X受体之间的独特性质，例如大电导孔的形成，P2X7受体已经涉及破坏性疾病如慢性疼痛（North和Jarvis，2013）。然而，P2X7特异性属性的机制仍然知之甚少，部分原因是纯化这种真核膜蛋白是一个挑战。在这里，我们描述了使用昆虫细胞 - 杆状病毒系统表达和纯化哺乳动物P2X7受体的详细方案。 P2X7受体在作为GFP融合蛋白的Sf9昆虫细胞中表达，并用含有Triton X-100洗涤剂的缓冲液溶解。然后使用Strep-Tactin亲和层析在含有十二烷基麦芽糖苷的缓冲液中纯化P2X7-GFP融合蛋白。在通过凝血酶酶切割连接的GFP和Strep-标签后，使用大小排阻色谱分离P2X7受体。该方法通常从6L的Sf9培养物产生约2mg的纯化蛋白质。纯化的蛋白质可以用含有15％甘油的缓冲液在4℃下储存至少2个月，并用于各种功能和结构研究（Karasawa和Kawate，2016）。
【背景】P2X7受体是嘌呤能P2X受体家族的七种亚型之一，并且是广泛疾病如神经退行性疾病，癫痫和神经性疼痛的有希望的新型药物靶点（North和Jarvis，2013; Bhattacharya和Biber， ...
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| Fluorophore Labeling, Nanodisc Reconstitution and Single-molecule Observation of a G Protein-coupled Receptor
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Author:
Date:
2017-06-20
[Abstract] Activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by agonist ligands is mediated by a transition from an inactive to active receptor conformation. We describe a novel single-molecule assay that monitors activation-linked conformational transitions in individual GPCR molecules in real-time. The receptor is site-specifically labeled with a Cy3 fluorescence probe at the end of trans-membrane helix 6 and reconstituted in phospholipid nanodiscs tethered to a microscope slide. Individual receptor molecules are then monitored over time by single-molecule total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, revealing spontaneous transitions between inactive and active-like conformations. The assay provides information on the equilibrium distribution of inactive and active receptor conformations and ...
[摘要] 通过激动剂配体激活G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）是通过从无活性受体构象向活性受体构象的转变来介导的。我们描述了一种新颖的单分子测定法，可以实时监测单个GPCR分子中的激活连锁构象转换。受体在跨膜螺旋6末端用Cy3荧光探针进行位点特异性标记，并在连接到显微镜载玻片的磷脂纳米圆盘中重构。然后通过单分子全内反射荧光显微镜随时间监测单个受体分子，显示无活性和活性样构象之间的自发转变。该测定提供关于无活性和活性受体构象的平衡分布以及构象交换的速率常数的信息。实验可以在不存在配体的情况下进行，显示负责基础信号传导活动的自发构象过渡，或者存在激动剂或反向激动剂配体，揭示配体如何改变受体的动力学刺激或抑制信号传导活性。所得到的机械信息对于改进的GPCR靶向药物的设计是有用的。单分子测定法在β2肾上腺素能受体的背景下进行了描述，但可扩展到多种GPCRs。
【背景】GPCR介导本地和远距离的细胞通讯，特别是内分泌系统。例如，细胞对激素如肾上腺素的反应是通过肾上腺素能受体介导的，其中β2肾上腺素能受体（β2AR）是突出的成员。 ...
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