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NaOH (10 M)

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: 72068
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Flow Cytometry Analysis and Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting of Myeloid Cells from Lung and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Samples from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected Mice
Author:
Date:
2020-05-20
[Abstract]  Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is transmitted by aerosol and can cause serious bacterial infection in the lung that can be fatal if left untreated. Mtb is now the leading cause of death worldwide by an infectious agent. Characterizing the early events of in vivo infection following aerosol challenge is critical for understanding how innate immune cells respond to infection but is technically challenging due to the small number of bacteria that initially infect the lung. Previous studies either evaluated Mtb-infected cells at later stages of infection when the number of bacteria in the lung is much higher or used in vitro model systems to assess the response of myeloid cells to Mtb. Here, we describe a method that uses fluorescent bacteria, a high-dose aerosol ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 结核分枝杆菌(Mtb)通过气溶胶传播,可引起严重的肺部细菌感染,如果不及时治疗,可能致命。Mtb现在已成为全球传染病致死的主要原因。表征气溶胶激发后体内感染的早期事件对于了解先天免疫细胞如何对感染做出反应至关重要,但由于最初会感染肺的细菌数量少,因此在技术上具有挑战性。先前的研究或者在肺部细菌数量高得多时在感染后期评估Mtb感染的细胞,或者在体外使用 评估骨髓细胞对Mtb反应的模型系统。在这里,我们介绍一种使用荧光细菌,大剂量气溶胶感染模型和流式细胞术跟踪气溶胶感染和荧光激活细胞分选(FACS)之后立即分离肺中Mtb感染细胞的方法,以分离幼稚的旁观者,和Mtb感染的细胞用于下游应用,包括RNA测序。该协议提供了在肺环境中监视Mtb感染和细胞特异性反应的能力,已知该环境可调节常驻和募集人群的功能。使用此协议,我们发现肺泡巨噬细胞通过上调受转录因子Nrf2调节并有害于细菌早期控制的细胞保护性转录反应,在体内对Mtb感染作出反应。

[背景 ] 气溶胶传播是结核分枝杆菌(Mtb)感染自然周期的关键组成部分,有助于细菌的毒性并导致其在肺部的独特感染模式(North ,1995;Riley 等,1995)。 ; Pai et ...

Quantitative ChIP-seq by Adding Spike-in from Another Species
Author:
Date:
2018-08-20
[Abstract]  Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) is a routine procedure in the lab; however, epigenome-wide quantitative comparison among independent ChIP-seq experiments remains a challenge. Here, we contribute an experimental protocol combined with a computational workflow allowing quantitative and comparative assessment of epigenome using animal tissues. [摘要]  染色质免疫沉淀,然后测序(ChIP-seq)是实验室中的常规程序; 然而,独立ChIP-seq实验之间的表观基因组范围的定量比较仍然是一个挑战。 在这里,我们提供了一个实验方案,结合计算工作流程,允许使用动物组织定量和比较评估表观基因组。

【背景】 修饰组蛋白的染色质和表观遗传复合物调节DNA对转录机制的可及性,从而允许直接控制基因表达。为了表征组蛋白修饰的表观基因组特征,染色质免疫沉淀然后测序(ChIP-seq)已成为一种广泛使用的方法。然而,传统的ChIP-seq方案本质上不是定量的,因此禁止直接比较源自不同细胞类型的样品或经历过不同遗传或化学扰动的细胞。尽管已经提出了几种 in silico 归一化方法来克服这个缺点,但仍然缺乏基于实验的策略。 2014年,奥兰多等人(2014)开发了一种名为ChIP的方法,该方法使用参考外源基因组(ChIP-Rx),该方法利用恒定量的参考或''spike-in''表观基因组基于细胞的表观基因组比较。在当前的协议中,我们通过使用映射的尖峰参考表观基因组的百分比来改进该方法。我们已成功应用此协议直接比较来自动物组织的两个或更多ChIP-seq数据集。

Purifying Properly Folded Cysteine-rich, Zinc Finger Containing Recombinant Proteins for Structural Drug Targeting Studies: the CH1 Domain of p300 as a Case Example
Author:
Date:
2017-09-05
[Abstract]  The transcription factor Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) complexes with the coactivator p300, activating the hypoxia response pathway and allowing tumors to grow. The CH1 and CAD domains of each respective protein form the interface between p300 and HIF. Small molecule compounds are in development that target and inhibit HIF/p300 complex formation, with the goal of reducing tumor growth. High resolution NMR spectroscopy is necessary to study ligand interaction with p300-CH1, and purifying high quantities of properly folded p300-CH1 is needed for pursuing structural and biophysical studies. p300-CH1 has 3 zinc fingers and 9 cysteine residues, posing challenges associated with reagent compatibility and protein oxidation. A protocol has been developed to overcome such issues by incorporating ... [摘要]  与共激活因子p300的转录因子缺氧诱导因子(HIF)复合物,激活缺氧反应途径并允许肿瘤生长。每个相应蛋白质的CH1和CAD结构域形成p300和HIF之间的界面。正在开发靶向和抑制HIF / p300复合物形成的小分子化合物,目的是减少肿瘤生长。研究配体与p300-CH1相互作用的高分辨NMR光谱是必要的,为了进行结构和生物物理学研究,需要净化大量正确折叠的p300-CH1。 p300-CH1具有3个锌指和9个半胱氨酸残基,构成与试剂相容性和蛋白氧化相关的挑战。已经开发了一种通过在表达过程中并入锌并简化纯化时间来克服这些问题的方案,导致适合于结构NMR研究的最佳折叠蛋白质(120mg / 4L表达介质)的高产率。已证实最终重组p300-CH1的结构完整性是使用一维1 H NMR光谱和圆二色性最优的。该方案适用于纯化其他含锌指蛋白质。
【背景】由于不适当的血管灌注,实体瘤的发展与缺氧区的发展有关。对于缺氧微环境,肿瘤细胞过表达低氧诱导因子(HIF),一种异二聚体转录因子家族(Semenza,2002; Brat和Van Meir,2004; Kaur等,2005)。 HIFs结合p300(一种转录共激活因子),形成诱导HIF靶基因的复合物,从而激活缺氧反应途径并促进肿瘤生长(Kasper and Brindle,2006; Liu,2008)。涉及HIF / p300蛋白 ...

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