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Extraction of Small Molecules from Fecal Samples and Testing of Their Activity on Microbial Physiology
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Date:
2018-04-20
[Abstract]  The human body is colonized by vast communities of microbes, collectively known as microbiota, or microbiome. Although microbes colonize every surface of our bodies that is exposed to the external environment, the biggest collection of microbes colonizing humans and other mammals can be found in the gastrointestinal tract. Given the fact that the human gut is colonized by several hundred microbial species, our group hypothesized that the chemical diversity of this environment should be significant, and that many of the molecules present in that environment would have important signaling roles. Therefore, we devised a protocol to extract these molecules from human feces and test their signaling properties. Potentially bioactive extracts can be tested through addition to culture medium and ... [摘要]  人体被巨大的微生物群体统称为微生物群体或微生物群体。尽管微生物在我们身体的每一个暴露于外部环境的表面上定殖,但人类和其他哺乳动物中最大量的微生物可以在胃肠道中找到。鉴于人类肠道已被数百种微生物物种繁殖,我们的团队假设这种环境的化学多样性应该是显着的,并且该环境中存在的许多分子将具有重要的信号传导作用。因此,我们制定了一个协议,从人类粪便中提取这些分子并测试其信号特性。可以通过添加培养基并分析细菌生长和基因表达以及其他性质来测试潜在的生物活性提取物。本文描述的方案提供了一种简便且快速的方法,用于使用肠道沙门氏菌作为模型生物体从粪便样品中提取和测试代谢物。该方案还可以适用于从其他基质如培养的哺乳动物细胞,组织,体液和无菌微生物培养物中提取小分子,并且可以针对各种微生物物种测试所得提取物。

【背景】复杂的微生物群落生活在人类和人类身上,将暴露于外部环境的每个表面都定殖。几十年来,这些社区已经获得了几个教派,其中包括正常的植物群,微生物群和最近的微生物群(Sekirov等人,2010年; ...

Extraction and Activity of O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OASTL) from Microalga Chlorella sorokiniana
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Date:
2017-06-20
[Abstract]  O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OASTL) is an enzyme catalysing the reaction of inorganic sulphide with O-acetylserine to form the S-containing amino acid L-cysteine. Here we describe an improved protocol to evaluate the activity of this enzyme from the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana. It is a colorimetric assay based on the reaction between cysteine, the product of OASTL activity, and ninhydrin reagent, which forms a thiazolidine (Thz). [摘要]  O-乙酰丝氨酸(硫醇)裂解酶(OASTL)是催化无机硫化物与O-乙酰丝氨酸反应形成含S氨基酸L-半胱氨酸的酶。 在这里我们描述一个改进的方案来评估这种酶从微藻小球藻的活性。 它是基于半胱氨酸(OASTL活性的产物)和形成噻唑烷(Thz)的茚三酮试剂之间的反应的比色测定。
【背景】在古代,细菌,微藻和植物中,半胱氨酸(Cys)的合成代表了同化硫酸盐还原的决定性阶段(Hell和Wirtz,2008)。 Cys生物合成是硫同化的最后一步,由丝氨酸乙酰转移酶(SAT,EC 2.3.1.30)和O-乙酰丝氨酸(硫醇)裂解酶(OASTL,EC 4.2.99.8)催化的两个相互连接的反应进行(Salbitani等,2014 ; Carfagna等,2015)。
OASTLs催化O-乙酰丝氨酸(OAS)和硫化物之间的反应形成Cys和乙酸酯(图1)。
在血管植物中,OASTLs位于叶绿体,线粒体和胞质溶胶中,具有不同的Cys合成功能(Jost等,2000; Birke等,2013)。在微藻中,OASTLs主要在叶绿体中主要定位(Merchant et al。,2007; Bromke,2013)。然而,在小球藻Sorokiniana中,发现两种同种型,氯代和胞质OASTL,在S剥夺条件下(Carfagna等,2011)。
许多研究人员已经制定和修改了确定植物和细菌中OASTLs活性的方案(Gaitonde,1967; ...

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