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Agar

Company: Wako Pure Chemical Industries
Catalog#: 010-08725
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Measuring Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Odor Gradient for Small Animals by Gas Chromatography
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Date:
2018-04-05
[Abstract]  Odor is the most fundamental chemical stimulus that delivers information regarding food, mating partners, enemies, and danger in the surrounding environment. Research on odor response in animals is widespread, although studies on experimental systems in which the gradient of odor concentration is quantitatively measured has been quite limited. Here, we describe a method for measuring a gradient of odor concentration established by volatilization and diffusion in a relatively small enclosed space, which has been used widely in laboratories to analyze small model animals such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We first vaporized known amounts of a liquid odorant 2-nonanone in a tank and subjected them to gas chromatographic ... [摘要]  气味是提供关于食物,交配伙伴,敌人和周围环境危险的信息的最基本的化学刺激物。关于动物气味反应的研究很普遍,尽管对定量测量气味浓度梯度的实验系统的研究非常有限。在这里,我们描述了一种测量由相对较小的封闭空间中的挥发和扩散建立的气味浓度梯度的方法,其已经在实验室中被广泛用于分析线虫等线虫和果蝇<果蝇黑腹果蝇。我们首先将已知量的液体加味剂2-壬​​酮蒸发到罐中并进行气相色谱分析以获得校准曲线。然后,我们从琼脂平板上的小孔中吸取少量气相并测量臭味浓度。通过在不同的空间和时间点重复这一点,我们能够检测随时间增加的气味浓度梯度。此外,通过将这些测量值应用于挥发和扩散的数学模型,我们能够可视化在琼脂平板上的气味浓度的估计动态变化。将琼脂平板中的气味浓度变化监测与通过机器视觉进行的行为监测相结合,将使我们能够估计大脑如何计算有关气味浓度变化的信息以调节行为。

【背景】气味是表达食物,生殖伙伴,敌人等在周围环境中存在的最基本的化学刺激物。小型模型动物,如线虫<秀秀隐杆线虫>和果蝇 适合理解大脑对行为,神经活动和分子水平的气味刺激的反应,因为:(1)利用便宜的高分辨率相机可以容易地记录对气味刺激的行为反应; (2)可以用钙成像测量多个神经元/神经元组中的反应,并且(3)负责行为和神经反应的基因可以用各种遗传方法鉴定(De Bono和Maricq,2005; ...

CRISPR-PCS Protocol for Chromosome Splitting and Splitting Event Detection in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Author:
Date:
2017-05-20
[Abstract]  Chromosome engineering is an important technology with applications in basic biology and biotechnology. Chromosome splitting technology called PCS (PCR-mediated Chromosome Splitting) has already been developed as a fundamental chromosome engineering technology in the budding yeast. However, the splitting efficiency of PCS technology is not high enough to achieve multiple splitting at a time. This protocol describes a procedure for achieving simultaneous and multiple chromosome splits in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a new technology called CRISPR-PCS. At least four independent sites in the genome can be split by one transformation. Total time and labor for obtaining a multiple split yeast strain is drastically reduced when compared with conventional PCS ... [摘要]  染色体工程是应用于基础生物学和生物技术的重要技术。染色体分裂技术称为PCS(PCR介导的染色体分裂)已经被开发为发芽酵母中的基本染色体工程技术。然而,PCS技术的分割效率不够高,不能一次实现多次分割。该协议描述了通过称为CRISPR-PCS的新技术在芽状酵母酿酒酵母中实现同时和多个染色体分裂的过程。基因组中至少四个独立的位点可以通过一次转化来分裂。与常规PCS技术相比,获得多重分裂酵母菌株的总时间和劳动力大大降低。

背景 能够快速有效地操纵多个遗传基因座或染色体区域的染色体工程技术变得越来越重要。这些技术为阐明染色体和基因组功能提供了有力的手段。此外,它可以用于通过创建广泛的遗传变体来繁殖有用的菌株。在芽殖酵母酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces ...

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