| Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Experiments from Whole Drosophila Embryos or Larval Imaginal Discs
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Author:
Date:
2017-06-05
[Abstract] Chromatin Immunoprecipitation coupled either to qPCR (qChIP) or high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-Seq) has been extensively used in the last decades to identify the DNA binding sites of transcription factors or the localization of various histone marks along the genome. The ChIP experiment generally includes 7 steps: collection of biological samples (A), cross-linking proteins to DNA (B), chromatin isolation and fragmentation by sonication (C), sonication test (D), immunoprecipitation with antibodies against the protein or the histone mark of interest (E), DNA recovery (E), identification of factor-associated DNA sequences by PCR or sequencing (F). The protocol described here can readily be used for ChIP-seq and ChIP-qPCR experiments. The entire procedure, describing experimental setup ...
[摘要] 与qPCR（qChIP）或高通量测序（ChIP-Seq）相结合的染色质免疫沉淀已被广泛用于识别转录因子的DNA结合位点或基因组中各种组蛋白标记的定位。 ChIP实验通常包括7个步骤：收集生物样品（A），交联蛋白质到DNA（B），染色质分离和通过超声处理分离（C），超声处理测试（D），用针对蛋白质的抗体进行免疫沉淀感兴趣的组蛋白标记（E），DNA回收（E），通过PCR或测序鉴定因子相关DNA序列（F）。这里描述的协议可以容易地用于ChIP-seq和ChIP-qPCR实验。描述在完整的果蝇组织中优化分析的实验设置条件的整个过程可以在四天内完成。
背景 尽管永生化的培养细胞广泛用于研究各种细胞类型的染色质景观，但是在生理条件下在体内探测相互作用的有价值的方法对于进行转录的时间或空间比较分析是必要的因子和组蛋白修饰图在不同阶段的果蝇发展或不同组织之间。在这里，我们提供了一个详细的ChIP协议，已被优化，以便在整个果蝇胚胎和幼虫成像光盘上工作，突出关键的实验参数。
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| Analysis of in vivo Interaction between RNA Binding Proteins and Their RNA Targets by UV Cross-linking and Immunoprecipitation (CLIP) Method
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Author:
Date:
2017-05-20
[Abstract] RNA metabolism is tightly controlled across different tissues and developmental stages, and its dysregulation is one of the molecular hallmarks of cancer. Through direct binding to specific sequence element(s), RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play a pivotal role in co- and post-transcriptional RNA regulatory events. We have recently demonstrated that, in pancreatic cancer cells, acquisition of a drug resistant (DR)-phenotype relied on upregulation of the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTBP1), which in turn is recruited to the pyruvate kinase pre-mRNA and favors splicing of the oncogenic PKM2 variant. Herein, we describe a step-by-step protocol of the ultraviolet (UV) light cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) method to determine the direct binding of an RBP to specific regions ...
[摘要] RNA代谢在不同的组织和发育阶段被严格控制，其失调是癌症的分子特征之一。 通过直接结合特定的序列元件，RNA结合蛋白（RBP）在共转录和转录后调控事件中起关键作用。 我们最近证实，在胰腺癌细胞中，获得耐药（DR） - 表型取决于多聚嘧啶区结合蛋白（PTBP1）的上调，其又被引入丙酮酸激酶前mRNA并有利于剪接 致癌性PKM2变体。 在这里，我们描述了紫外（UV）光交联和免疫沉淀（CLIP）方法的逐步方案，以确定RBP与贴壁人细胞系中其目标RNA的特定区域的直接结合。
背景 在细胞核中转录时，新生的RNA立即与被称为RNA结合蛋白（RBP）的反式因子立即组装。这些因子直接与RNA分子中特定的顺式调控序列相互作用，从而形成核糖核蛋白（RNP）复合物（Dreyfuss et al。，2002; ...
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| Quantitative Measurements of HIV-1 and Dextran Capture by Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells (MDDCs)
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Author:
Date:
2016-11-20
[Abstract] The aim of this protocol is to describe how to measure and quantify the amount of HIV-1 particles and dextran molecules internalized in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MDDCs), using three different techniques: flow cytometry, quantitative PCR and confocal microscopy.
[摘要] 本协议的目的是描述如何使用三种不同的技术：流式细胞术，定量PCR和共聚焦显微镜来测量和量化人类单核细胞衍生树突细胞（MDDCs）中内在的HIV-1颗粒和葡聚糖分子的量。
[背景] 开发此协议是为了评估在人单核细胞衍生的树突细胞中肌动蛋白成核破坏时HIV-1内化的变化。在shRNA筛选后，识别对于HIV-1从树突状细胞转移到T细胞重要的基因，我们观察到肌动蛋白成核的中断导致从富含肌动蛋白的树突到水泡的转变，由于过量的肌动球蛋白收缩。结果，观察到HIV-1转移的减少和由于水泡收缩驱动的巨噬细胞增多引起的HIV-1内化的增加。我们的结论是，肌动蛋白成核和稳定的效应器是维持艾滋病毒1对肌动蛋白丰富的树突和限制其内吞作用，有效转移到T淋巴细胞的关键（Menager和Littman，2016）。
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