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PIPETTE, 5 ML, GRADUATED 1/10 ML, STERILE

Company: Greiner Bio One International
Catalog#: 606160
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Measurement of TLR4 and CD14 Receptor Endocytosis Using Flow Cytometry
Author:
Date:
2018-07-20
[Abstract]  After recognizing extracellular bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-CD14 signaling complex initiates two distinct signaling pathways–one from the plasma membrane and the other from the signaling endosomes (Kagan et al., 2008). Understanding the early stages of TLR4 signal transduction therefore requires a robust and quantitative method to measure LPS-triggered TLR4 and CD14 receptor endocytosis, one of the earliest events of LPS detection. Here, we describe a flow cytometry-based method that we used recently to study the role of the ion channel TRPM7 in TLR4 endocytosis (Schappe et al., 2018). The assay relies on stimulating the cells with LPS and measuring the cell surface levels of TLR4 (or CD14) at various time points using flow ... [摘要]  在识别细胞外细菌脂多糖(LPS)后,Toll样受体4(TLR4)-CD14信号传导复合物启动两种不同的信号传导途径 - 一种来自质膜,另一种来自信号传导内体(Kagan 等。,2008)。因此,了解TLR4信号转导的早期阶段需要一种稳健且定量的方法来测量LPS触发的TLR4和CD14受体内吞作用,这是LPS检测中最早发生的事件之一。在这里,我们描述了一种基于流式细胞术的方法,我们最近用它来研究离子通道TRPM7在TLR4内吞作用中的作用(Schappe et al。,2018)。该测定依赖于用LPS刺激细胞并使用流式细胞术在不同时间点测量TLR4(或CD14)的细胞表面水平。尽管我们详细描述了来自鼠骨髓来源的巨噬细胞的TLR4和CD14的方法,但它可以很容易地适应于在各种其他信号传导环境中评估受体内吞作用。

【背景】先天免疫细胞,包括巨噬细胞和树突细胞,使用各种模式识别受体(PRR)来调查其环境中的危险和病原体相关分子模式。来自各种亚细胞区室的PRR的贩运和信号传导实现了更广泛的免疫监视,并且已成为先天免疫的重要设计原则(Brubaker et al。,2015)。细菌内毒素LPS的检测高度依赖于TLR4及其共同受体CD14。 TLR4复合物的内吞作用需要CD14,并且对于LPS诱导的巨噬细胞活化是必需的(Zanoni 等人,2011; Tan ...

Phos-tag Immunoblot Analysis for Detecting IRF5 Phosphorylation
Author:
Date:
2017-05-20
[Abstract]  While the activation of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is critical for the induction of innate immune responses, it also contributes to the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). IRF5 phosphorylation is a hallmark of its activation in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway, where active IRF5 induces type I interferon and proinflammatory cytokine genes. By using the phosphate-binding molecule Phos-tag, without either radioisotopes or phospho-specific antibodies, the protocol described here enables detection of the phosphorylation of both human and murine IRF5, as well as that of other proteins. [摘要]  虽然转录因子干扰素调节因子5(IRF5)的激活对于诱导先天免疫应答至关重要,但也有助于自身免疫疾病系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的发病机制。 IRF5磷酸化是其在Toll样受体(TLR)途径中的活化的标志,其中活性IRF5诱导I型干扰素和促炎细胞因子基因。通过使用不含放射性同位素或磷酸特异性抗体的磷酸结合分子磷酸标签,本文所述的方案可以检测人和鼠IRF5以及其他蛋白质的磷酸化。

背景 在TLR-MyD88途径中,IRF5通过翻译后修饰如泛素化和磷酸化被激活,然后活性IRF5转位到细胞核中并诱导其靶基因(Takaoka等人,2005; Balkhi ,2008; Tamura等人,2008; Hayden and Ghosh,2014)。关于IRF5在SLE中的激活状态,已经报道了IRF5积累在SLE患者的单核细胞核中(Stone等人,2012)。此外,我们最近在SLE鼠模型中显示,IRF5超激活(例如,升高的磷酸化)导致SLE样疾病的发展(Ban 等人,,2016年)。因此,分析IRF5的激活状态对于研究SLE以及先天免疫应答是重要的。磷酸化是IRF5激活的核心,因为许多研究已经通过定点诱变和/或质谱法揭示了IRF5的功能性磷酸化位点(Barnes等人,2002; Lin et al。等人,2005; ...

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