| Growth Recovery Assay and FACS-based Population Sorting Following Territorial Exclusion in Proteus mirabilis
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Author:
Date:
2020-03-05
[Abstract] Many bacteria take part in self recognition and kin discrimination behavior using contact-dependent effectors. Understanding the effects these effectors cause is important to explain bacterial community formation and population dynamics. Typically, kin discrimination effectors are toxins that kill target cells; their effect is therefore obvious and easily measurable. However, many self-recognition effectors, such as the Proteus mirabilis Ids system, are non-lethal and do not cause obvious physiological changes in target cells. Previously, experimental techniques to probe cells experiencing non-lethal kin recognition have been limited. Here we describe a technique to reliably isolate cells deemed self and non-self through Ids self-recognition for downstream phenotypic analysis. ...
[摘要] [摘要] 许多细菌使用接触依赖性效应子参与自我识别和亲属歧视行为。了解这些效应子引起的作用对于解释细菌群落形成和种群动态很重要。通常，亲属歧视效应子是杀死靶细胞的毒素；因此，它们的效果是显而易见的，并且易于测量。但是，许多自我识别效应器，例如变形杆菌（Proteus mirabilis） Ids系统是非致命性的，不会在靶细胞中引起明显的生理变化。以前，探测经历非致命亲属识别的细胞的实验技术受到限制。在这里，我们描述了一种技术，该技术可通过Ids自我识别可靠地分离被视为自身和非自身的细胞，以进行下游表型分析。将荧光标记的自我识别突变体的液体培养物混合在一起，并接种在群体允许的琼脂上。收获混合群，并通过荧光激活细胞分选术（FACS）分离每个菌株。在平板读取器上测量每种菌株的生长速率。该协议适用于其他细菌物种。我们简要描述了如何将分类的颗粒用于其他分析，如RNA-Seq文库制备。
[背景和 d] 许多生物的进化适应社区生活。整个大自然中存在的一种常见机制是亲属歧视：对近亲的优先对待和对非亲属的阻碍（Smith，1964）。细菌亲属歧视的研究充分的例子包括接触依赖性抑制（CDI）（Aoki 等，2009; Garcia 等，2016）和通过IV型和VI型分泌系统进行毒素转移（Brunet 等，2013; Souza ...
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| Purifying Properly Folded Cysteine-rich, Zinc Finger Containing Recombinant Proteins for Structural Drug Targeting Studies: the CH1 Domain of p300 as a Case Example
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Author:
Date:
2017-09-05
[Abstract] The transcription factor Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) complexes with the coactivator p300, activating the hypoxia response pathway and allowing tumors to grow. The CH1 and CAD domains of each respective protein form the interface between p300 and HIF. Small molecule compounds are in development that target and inhibit HIF/p300 complex formation, with the goal of reducing tumor growth. High resolution NMR spectroscopy is necessary to study ligand interaction with p300-CH1, and purifying high quantities of properly folded p300-CH1 is needed for pursuing structural and biophysical studies. p300-CH1 has 3 zinc fingers and 9 cysteine residues, posing challenges associated with reagent compatibility and protein oxidation. A protocol has been developed to overcome such issues by incorporating ...
[摘要] 与共激活因子p300的转录因子缺氧诱导因子（HIF）复合物，激活缺氧反应途径并允许肿瘤生长。每个相应蛋白质的CH1和CAD结构域形成p300和HIF之间的界面。正在开发靶向和抑制HIF / p300复合物形成的小分子化合物，目的是减少肿瘤生长。研究配体与p300-CH1相互作用的高分辨NMR光谱是必要的，为了进行结构和生物物理学研究，需要净化大量正确折叠的p300-CH1。 p300-CH1具有3个锌指和9个半胱氨酸残基，构成与试剂相容性和蛋白氧化相关的挑战。已经开发了一种通过在表达过程中并入锌并简化纯化时间来克服这些问题的方案，导致适合于结构NMR研究的最佳折叠蛋白质（120mg / 4L表达介质）的高产率。已证实最终重组p300-CH1的结构完整性是使用一维1 H NMR光谱和圆二色性最优的。该方案适用于纯化其他含锌指蛋白质。
【背景】由于不适当的血管灌注，实体瘤的发展与缺氧区的发展有关。对于缺氧微环境，肿瘤细胞过表达低氧诱导因子（HIF），一种异二聚体转录因子家族（Semenza，2002; Brat和Van Meir，2004; Kaur等，2005）。 HIFs结合p300（一种转录共激活因子），形成诱导HIF靶基因的复合物，从而激活缺氧反应途径并促进肿瘤生长（Kasper and Brindle，2006; Liu，2008）。涉及HIF / p300蛋白 ...
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| Expression and Purification of the Cas10-Csm Complex from Staphylococci
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Author:
Date:
2017-06-05
[Abstract] CRISPR-Cas (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins) is a class of prokaryotic immune systems that degrade foreign nucleic acids in a sequence-specific manner. These systems rely upon ribonucleoprotein complexes composed of Cas nucleases and small CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs). Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus are bacterial residents on human skin that are also leading causes of antibiotic resistant infections (Lowy, 1998; National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance, 2004; Otto, 2009). Many staphylococci possess Type III-A CRISPR-Cas systems (Marraffini and Sontheimer, 2008; Cao et al., 2016), which have been shown to prevent plasmid transfer and protect against viral predators (Goldberg et al., ...
[摘要] CRISPR-Cas（聚集的定期间隔的短回文重复-CRISPR相关蛋白）是一类以序列特异性方式降解外来核酸的原核免疫系统。这些系统依赖于由Cas核酸酶和小型CRISPR RNA（crRNA）组成的核糖核蛋白复合物。表皮葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌是人皮肤上的细菌居民，也是抗生素抗性感染的主要原因（Lowy，1998; National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance，2004; Otto，2009） 。许多葡萄球菌具有III型A CRISPR-Cas系统（Marraffini和Sontheimer，2008; Cao等人，2016），已被证明可预防质粒转移并防止病毒性捕食者（Goldberg这些生物体中，等等，2014; Hatoum-Aslan等人，2014; Samai等人，2015）。因此，在天然葡萄球菌背景中获得对这些系统的机械理解可以导致对影响这些病原体的进化和存活的因素的重要见解。 III-A型CRISPR-Cas系统编码称为Cas10-Csm的五亚单位效应复合物（Hatoum-Aslan等人，2013）。在这里，我们描述了一种用于表达和纯化Cas10-Csm的方法。表皮样背景或异源性S。金黄色葡萄球菌背景。该方法由两步纯化方案组成，包括Ni 2 + - ...
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