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Calcium chloride

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: 499609
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Nucleosome Positioning Assay
Author:
Date:
2017-05-20
[Abstract]  The basic unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, a histone octamer with 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around it. Positions of nucleosomes relative to each other and to DNA elements have a strong impact on chromatin structure and gene activity and are tightly regulated at multiple levels, i.e., DNA sequence, transcription factor binding, histone modifications and variants, and chromatin remodeling enzymes (Bell et al., 2011; Hughes and Rando, 2014). Nucleosome positions in cells or isolated nuclei can be detected by partial nuclease digestion of native or cross-linked chromatin followed by ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction (LM-PCR) (McPherson et al., 1993; Soutoglou and Talianidis, 2002). This protocol describes a nucleosome positioning assay using ... [摘要]  染色质的基本单位是核小体,一个组织蛋白八聚体,其中包含147个碱基对的DNA。核小体相对于彼此和DNA元件的位置对染色质结构和基因活性具有强烈的影响,并且在多个水平(例如,DNA序列,转录因子结合,组蛋白修饰和变体)和染色质重塑酶(Bell et al。,2011; Hughes和Rando,2014)。可以通过天然或交联染色质的部分核酸酶消化,然后连接介导的聚合酶链反应(LM-PCR)(McPherson等人,1993; Soutoglou)检测细胞或分离的核中的核小体位置和Talianidis,2002)。该方案描述了使用微球菌核酸酶(MNase)消化甲醛固定染色质,然后进行LM-PCR的核小体定位测定。我们举例说明了在小鼠中编码核糖体RNA(rRNA基因或rDNA)的基因启动子的核小体定位测定,其具有两个相互排斥的配置。 rDNA启动子含有相对于转录起始位点的核苷酸-157至-2或位于-132位的下游核小体(NucD )的上游核小体(NucU )至+22(Li等人,2006; Xie等人,2012)。 LM-PCR产物的放射性标记,然后变性尿素 - 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,允许两种配置的分辨和相对定量。如图1所示,核小体定位测定是通用的低至中等通量的方法,以半定量方式以高精度映射离散的核小体位置。

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Virtual Screening of Transmembrane Serine Protease Inhibitors
Author:
Date:
2017-04-20
[Abstract]  The human family of type II transmembrane serine proteases includes 17 members. The defining features of these proteases are an N-terminal transmembrane domain and a C-terminal serine protease of the chymotrypsin (S1) fold, separated from each other by a variable stem region. Recently accumulated evidence suggests a critical role for these proteases in development of cancer and metastatic capacity. Both the cancer relevance and the accessibility of the extracellularly oriented catalytic domain for therapeutic and imaging agents have fueled drug discovery interest in the type II class of transmembrane serine proteases. Typically, the initial hit discovery processes aim to identify molecules with verifiable activity at the drug target and with sufficient drug-like characters. We present ... [摘要]  II型跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶的人类家族包括17个成员。这些蛋白酶的定义特征是糜蛋白酶(S1)折叠的N末端跨膜结构域和C末端丝氨酸蛋白酶,通过可变的茎区彼此分离。最近积累的证据表明这些蛋白酶在癌症和转移能力的发展中起关键作用。肿瘤相关性和用于治疗和成像剂的细胞外定向催化结构域的可及性促使药物发现对II型跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶的兴趣。通常,初始命中发现过程旨在识别在药物靶标上具有可验证活性的分子,并具有足够的药物样特征。我们在这里提出了用于跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶hepinin的候选配体的基于结构的虚拟筛选方案。该方法描述了使用三磷酸腺嘌呤的催化位点的3D结构与ZINC进行分子对接,ZINC是具有 3000万种可购买化合物的分子数据库。小的候选子集​​经过实验测试,具有可证实的命中,为进一步的铅开发提供了有用的配体结构线索。

受控的蛋白水解活性在细胞过程和信号传导中发挥重要作用,正如所有生物体中蛋白酶的存在所证明的,包括病毒,原核生物和真核生物。不足为奇的是,异常调节的蛋白酶活性是造成人类病态,如心血管疾病和炎症疾病,骨质疏松症,神经系统疾病和癌症的多种因素(Turk,2006; ...

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