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Dextran from Leuconostoc mesenteroides

来自肠道明串珠菌的葡聚糖

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: D4876
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Liposome Disruption Assay to Examine Lytic Properties of Biomolecules
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Date:
2017-08-05
[Abstract]  Proteins may have three dimensional structural or amino acid features that suggest a role in targeting and disrupting lipids within cell membranes. It is often necessary to experimentally investigate if these proteins and biomolecules are able to disrupt membranes in order to conclusively characterize the function of these biomolecules. Here, we describe an in vitro assay to evaluate the membrane lytic properties of proteins and biomolecules. Large unilamellar vesicles (liposomes) containing carboxyfluorescein at fluorescence-quenching concentrations are treated with the biomolecule of interest. A resulting increase in fluorescence due to leakage of the dye from liposomes and subsequent dilution in the buffer demonstrates that the biomolecule is sufficient for disrupting ... [摘要]  蛋白质可以具有三维结构或氨基酸特征,其表明在细胞膜内靶向和破坏脂质的作用。通常有必要进行实验研究,如果这些蛋白质和生物分子能够破坏膜,以确定性地表征这些生物分子的功能。在这里,我们描述了一种体外实验来评估蛋白质和生物分子的膜裂解性质。用荧光猝灭浓度含有羧基荧光素的大单层囊泡(脂质体)用感兴趣的生物分子进行处理。由于染料从脂质体泄漏而导致的荧光增加,随后在缓冲液中的稀释表明生物分子足以破坏脂质体和膜。另外,由于脂质体破裂可能通过孔形成或通过类似于洗涤剂的脂类的一般溶解而发生,因此我们提供了区分这两种机制的方法。可以通过检查与适合孔的葡聚糖分子的羧基荧光素释放的封锁来鉴定和评估孔形成。这里描述的方法用于确定疟疾疫苗候选人CelTOS和促凋亡Bax通过孔形成破坏脂质体(Saito等人,2000; Jimah等人,2016) )。由于生物分子的膜脂质结合先于膜破裂,我们推荐使用伴侣方案:Jimah等人,2017。
【背景】该方案提出了评估蛋白质和其他生物分子的膜裂解性质的程序。该方案旨在清楚地描述研究生物分子的膜破坏性质所需的各种实验步骤。最后,该方案描述了膜破坏的定量测量,可用于提供对脂质体破坏的动力学和机制的了解。该方案成功地用于研究疟疾疫苗候选人CelTOS,其提供了对CelTOS的第一次体外功能测定的清楚描述。该方案的应用揭示,对于不饱和脂肪酸和多孔元素的CelTOS(透明性蛋白质)破坏了含有磷脂酸的膜。这一见解表明,CelTOS由入侵宿主细胞内的疟疾寄生虫分泌,以破坏宿主细胞膜并使寄生虫出现(Jimah等人,2016)。最后,该测定可以容易地应用于研究小分子,抗体或肽对CelTOS介导的脂质体破坏的抑制。当为CelTOS设计时,该协议易于泛化,适用于任何其他感兴趣的生物分子。 ...

Neurosphere Co-culture Assay
Author:
Date:
2016-08-05
[Abstract]  The hippocampal niche is one of two areas in the brain where stem cells reside. In this neurogenic niche, stem cells can be found in close proximity to astrocytes and in contact with microvessels consisting of pericytes and endothelial cells. To study the regulatory interplay of this complex niche network in a simplified in vitro model, we established a co-culture system. We investigate the formation of neurosphere under different co-culture conditions by using primary niche cells. Here, we describe the isolation procedure for primary niche cells culture of astrocytes, endothelial cells and pericytes/smooth muscle cells from mouse brain. These niche cells are co-cultured (by hanging inserts) with freshly isolated stem and precursor cells from the adult hippocampus to study the ... [摘要]  真菌形态发生需要细胞壁的修饰和可塑性,这意味着其组分(包括壳多糖和葡聚糖)的合成和重塑。因此几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶活性对于细胞壁生物发生和细胞分裂是至关重要的。几丁质酶活性的定量可能有助于鉴定可能负面影响一些丝状真菌如产生细胞内和分泌型几丁质酶的尖孢镰刀菌的生长和形态发生的结构缺陷。基于它们对壳多糖底物的酶作用将壳聚糖分解酶分类。内酯酶被定义为催化几丁质链中内部点的随机裂解的酶。外切球蛋白酶催化乙酰壳寡糖或N-乙酰葡糖胺从几丁质的非还原端逐步释放,因此分别称为壳聚糖酶和β-N-乙酰氨基葡糖苷酶。在这里,我们描述了一种简单的方法来轻易地纯化几丁质酶,以便比较不同的F的内切几丁质酶活性和外切几丁质酶活性。尖孢镰孢菌株。该方案可适用于任何真菌物种。...

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