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100% ethanol

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: 51976
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Preparation of Sequencing RNA Libraries through Chemical Cross-linking Coupled to Affinity Purification (cCLAP) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Author:
Date:
2018-10-05
[Abstract]  Ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) are complexes consisting of mRNAs and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) which control mRNA transcription localization, turnover, and translation. Some mRNAs within the mRNPs have been shown to undergo degradation or storage. Those transcripts can lack general mRNA elements, like the poly(A) tail or 5’ cap structure, which prevent their identification through the application of widely-used approaches like oligo(dT) purification. Here, we describe a modified cross-linking affinity purification protocol (cCLAP) based on existing cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) methods to isolate mRNAs which could be deadenylated, decapped and/or partially degraded in mRNPs, opening the possibility to detect different types of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Once isolated, ... [摘要]  核糖核蛋白颗粒(mRNP)是由mRNA和RNA结合蛋白(RBP)组成的复合物,其控制mRNA转录定位,转换和翻译。已显示mRNP内的一些mRNA经历降解或储存。那些转录物可能缺乏一般的mRNA元件,如poly(A)尾或5'帽结构,这通过应用广泛使用的方法如oligo(dT)纯化来阻止它们的鉴定。在这里,我们描述了基于现有的交联和免疫沉淀(CLIP)方法的修饰的交联亲和纯化方案(cCLAP),以分离mRNP中可被去腺苷酸化,去除和/或部分降解的mRNA,从而开启了检测不同的可能性。非编码RNA(ncRNA)的类型。分离后,将RNA进行衔接子连接,然后进行下一代测序(NGS)。由于快速有效的交联和淬灭步骤,该方案也适用于瞬时诱导的mRNP颗粒。实例包括由外在应激物触发的处理体(PB)或应力颗粒(SG)。其重现性和广泛应用使该方案成为研究特定RNP的RNA组成的有用且有力的工具。
【背景】mRNP内转录物的表征对于理解细胞转录和转录后过程至关重要。通过交联和免疫沉淀,然后通过RNA-Seq从mRNP颗粒中分离RNA已经成为鉴定mRNA靶标的常用方法(Tagwerker et al。,2006; Hafner et al。,2010; Kishore et al。,2011)。 ...

Fabrication and Use of the Dual-Flow-RootChip for the Imaging of Arabidopsis Roots in Asymmetric Microenvironments
Author:
Date:
2018-09-20
[Abstract]  This protocol provides a detailed description of how to fabricate and use the dual-flow-RootChip (dfRootChip), a novel microfluidic platform for investigating root nutrition, root-microbe interactions and signaling and development in controlled asymmetric conditions. The dfRootChip was developed primarily to investigate how plants roots interact with their environment by simulating environmental heterogeneity. The goal of this protocol is to provide a detailed resource for researchers in the biological sciences wishing to employ the dfRootChip in particular, or microfluidic devices in general, in their laboratory. [摘要]  该协议提供了如何制造和使用双流RootChip(dfRootChip)的详细描述,这是一种新型微流体平台,用于研究根管营养,根 - 微生物相互作用以及受控不对称条件下的信号传导和发育。 dfRootChip的开发主要是为了研究植物根系如何通过模拟环境异质性与环境相互作用。 该协议的目标是为希望在其实验室中特别使用dfRootChip或一般微流体装置的生物科学研究人员提供详细资源。

【背景】地下条件是高度异质和动态的,因此植物根部暴露于各种刺激,因此必须适应这种复杂的环境。尽管这些发展适应的重要性,但潜在的机制仍有待阐明。微流体装置已被证明可用于在受控的微环境中培养标本,并有助于从亚细胞到有机物水平的动态过程的实时成像(Crane 等人,,2010)。由于微流体可以以受控方式操纵小流体体积,以高通量进行实验,提取定量信息并进行延时测量,微流体装置已经进入了有机体研究。对于模式植物拟南芥,已经开发了一系列微流体装置,能够在根发育过程中监测基因表达(Busch et al。,2012),信号事件(Keinath et al。,2015)和基于传感器的营养摄取成像(Grossmann et al。,2011; Lanquar et al。, 2014)。此外,使用微流体平台的最新进展包括高分辨率表型分析(Jiang et al。,2014; Xing ...

Immunogold Electron Microscopy of the Autophagosome Marker LC3
Author:
Date:
2017-12-20
[Abstract]  Even though autophagy was firstly observed by transmission electron microscopy already in the 1950s (reviewed in Eskelinen et al., 2011), nowadays this technique remains one of the most powerful systems to monitor autophagic processes. The autophagosome, an LC3-positive double membrane structures enclosing cellular materials, represents the key organelle in autophagy and its simple visualization and/or numeration allow to draw important conclusions about the autophagic flux. Therefore, the accurate identification of autophagosomes is crucial for a comprehensive and detailed dissection of autophagy. Here we present a simple protocol to identify autophagosomes by transmission electron microscopy coupled to immunogold labeling of LC3 starting from a relatively low cell number, which ... [摘要]  尽管早在20世纪50年代就已经通过透射电子显微镜观察了自噬(在Eskelinen等人2011年的综述中),但是现在这种技术仍然是监测自噬过程的最强大的系统之一。 自噬体是包含细胞物质的LC3阳性双层膜结构,代表了自噬的关键细胞器,其简单的可视化和/或计数允许得出关于自噬流的重要结论。 因此,准确鉴定自噬体对自噬的全面和详细的分析至关重要。 在这里我们提出一个简单的协议,以确定autophagosomes透射电子显微镜耦合LC3的免疫金标记从一个相对较低的细胞数量,我们最近开发遵循病毒介导的人类癌变期间的自噬途径。

【背景】自噬体代表了macroautophagy的关键结构,这是一种细胞胞质成分的分解代谢系统。巨自噬(或简单地自吞噬)由吞噬细胞的形成引发,所述吞噬细胞能够自身扩张吞噬细胞器和蛋白质,所述蛋白质最终闭合在螯合成分周围形成被称为自噬体的细胞器。接下来,在成熟过程中,自噬体可以与溶酶体融合以形成自溶酶体,其中被捕获的物质被位于溶酶体限制性膜中的泵降解并再循环回(Glick et al。,2010)。

由于自噬功能障碍与各种人类疾病,病毒感染,神经退行性疾病,免疫功能和癌症有关(Schneider and ...

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