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Glycerol

Company: EMD Millipore
Catalog#: GX0185
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Purifying Properly Folded Cysteine-rich, Zinc Finger Containing Recombinant Proteins for Structural Drug Targeting Studies: the CH1 Domain of p300 as a Case Example
Author:
Date:
2017-09-05
[Abstract]  The transcription factor Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) complexes with the coactivator p300, activating the hypoxia response pathway and allowing tumors to grow. The CH1 and CAD domains of each respective protein form the interface between p300 and HIF. Small molecule compounds are in development that target and inhibit HIF/p300 complex formation, with the goal of reducing tumor growth. High resolution NMR spectroscopy is necessary to study ligand interaction with p300-CH1, and purifying high quantities of properly folded p300-CH1 is needed for pursuing structural and biophysical studies. p300-CH1 has 3 zinc fingers and 9 cysteine residues, posing challenges associated with reagent compatibility and protein oxidation. A protocol has been developed to overcome such issues by incorporating ... [摘要]  与共激活因子p300的转录因子缺氧诱导因子(HIF)复合物,激活缺氧反应途径并允许肿瘤生长。每个相应蛋白质的CH1和CAD结构域形成p300和HIF之间的界面。正在开发靶向和抑制HIF / p300复合物形成的小分子化合物,目的是减少肿瘤生长。研究配体与p300-CH1相互作用的高分辨NMR光谱是必要的,为了进行结构和生物物理学研究,需要净化大量正确折叠的p300-CH1。 p300-CH1具有3个锌指和9个半胱氨酸残基,构成与试剂相容性和蛋白氧化相关的挑战。已经开发了一种通过在表达过程中并入锌并简化纯化时间来克服这些问题的方案,导致适合于结构NMR研究的最佳折叠蛋白质(120mg / 4L表达介质)的高产率。已证实最终重组p300-CH1的结构完整性是使用一维1 H NMR光谱和圆二色性最优的。该方案适用于纯化其他含锌指蛋白质。
【背景】由于不适当的血管灌注,实体瘤的发展与缺氧区的发展有关。对于缺氧微环境,肿瘤细胞过表达低氧诱导因子(HIF),一种异二聚体转录因子家族(Semenza,2002; Brat和Van Meir,2004; Kaur等,2005)。 HIFs结合p300(一种转录共激活因子),形成诱导HIF靶基因的复合物,从而激活缺氧反应途径并促进肿瘤生长(Kasper and Brindle,2006; Liu,2008)。涉及HIF / p300蛋白 ...

RNA Capping by Transcription Initiation with Non-canonical Initiating Nucleotides (NCINs): Determination of Relative Efficiencies of Transcription Initiation with NCINs and NTPs
Author:
Date:
2017-06-20
[Abstract]  It recently has been established that adenine-containing cofactors, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and 3’-desphospho-coenzyme A (dpCoA), can serve as ‘non-canonical initiating nucleotides’ (NCINs) for transcription initiation by bacterial and eukaryotic cellular RNA polymerases (RNAPs) and that the efficiency of the reaction is determined by promoter sequence (Bird et al., 2016). Here we describe a protocol to quantify the relative efficiencies of transcription initiation using an NCIN vs. transcription initiation using a nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) for a given promoter sequence. [摘要]  最近已经确定,含有腺嘌呤的辅因子,包括烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD +),还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)和3'-脱磷酸辅酶A(dpCoA)可以作为“非规范起始核苷酸” NCIN),用于通过细菌和真核细胞RNA聚合酶(RNAP)进行转录起始,并且通过启动子序列确定反应的效率(Bird等,2016)。 在这里,我们描述了使用NCIN与使用三磷酸核苷(NTP)对于给定启动子序列的转录起始来定量转录起始的相对效率的方案。
【背景】在细菌,古细菌和真核生物中的转录由序列,结构和机制保守的多亚基RNA聚合酶(RNAPs)进行(Ebright,2000; Lane和Darst,2010)。为了启动转录,RNAP与一个或多个引发因子一起结合称为“启动子”的特异性DNA序列,并解开启动子DNA以形成含有未解链“转录泡”的RNAP启动子开放复合物(RPo)(图1A; Ruff等人,2015)。 RNAP然后通过扩增(“剔除”)或收缩(“抗锯齿”)转录起始点来选择转录起始位点,以将转录起始位点的核苷酸置于RNAP活性中心起始位点(“i位点”)和扩增位点'i + 1位点')结合i位点的互补起始核苷酸底物和“i + 1”位点的互补延伸底物,并催化磷酸二酯键形成产生初始RNA产物(Winkelman等, 2016)。
在标准的从头转录启动中,起始底物是核苷三磷酸(NTP),通常为ATP或GTP(Nickels ...

In vitro Detection of Neutrophil Traps and Post-attack Cell Wall Changes in Candida Hyphae
Author:
Date:
2017-04-05
[Abstract]  In this protocol we describe how to visualize neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and fungal cell wall changes in the context of the coculture of mouse neutrophils with fungal hyphae of Candida albicans. These protocols are easily adjusted to test a wide array of hypotheses related to the impact of immune cells on fungi and the cell wall, making them promising tools for exploring host-pathogen interactions during fungal infection. [摘要]  在本协议中,我们描述了如何在小鼠嗜中性粒细胞与真菌白色念珠菌的真菌菌丝共培养的背景下观察嗜中性粒细胞胞外捕获物(NETs)和真菌细胞壁变化。 这些方案很容易调整,以测试与免疫细胞对真菌和细胞壁的影响有关的各种假设,使其成为探索真菌感染期间宿主病原体相互作用的有前景的工具。

C。白色念珠菌是一种多态性机会性酵母,嗜中性粒细胞是免疫细胞,对于这种和其他真菌病原体的防御至关重要(Brown等,2012; Lionakis和Netea,2013)。 NETs是可以针对病原体部署的潜在防御机制,并且已经表明它们优先针对诸如C的微生物细胞部署。白念珠菌菌丝太大而不能吞噬(Urban et al。,2006; Bruns等人,2010; Branzk等人,,2014; Rohm等人,2014)。 NET已经显示含有许多组分,包括髓过氧化物酶,胞外DNA和瓜氨酸化的组蛋白(Amulic等人,2012; ...

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