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Pyruvate kinase from rabbit muscle

Pyruvate Kinase from rabbit muscle

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: P9136
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Preparation, Stimulation and Other Uses of Adult Rat Brain Synaptosomes
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Date:
2017-12-20
[Abstract]  In this paper, our protocol for preparation of brain synaptosomes is described. Synaptosomes are a valuable model system for analysis of structural components of the synapse as well as for investigation of synaptic function. Synaptosomal preparations are necessary for understanding molecular changes at synapses where critical post-translational modifications of synaptic proteins may occur. Not only are synaptosomes rich in synaptic proteins, but they can be used for analyzing uptake of neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles and for analysis of the involvement of neurotransmitter synthesis and release. Synaptosomes can be stimulated with increased calcium influx to release neurotransmitters. Synaptosomal preparations have been used in characterizing calcium dependent phosphorylation and ... [摘要]  在这篇论文中,我们描述了制备脑突触体的方案。突触体是用于分析突触的结构组分以及用于调查突触功能的有价值的模型系统。突触体制备对于理解可能发生突触蛋白的关键翻译后修饰的突触处的分子变化是必需的。突触小体不仅含有丰富的突触蛋白,还可用于分析神经递质向突触小泡的摄取和神经递质合成和释放的参与分析。可以用增加的钙内流刺激突触体释放神经递质。突触体制剂已被用于表征钙依赖性磷酸化和GABA合成酶GAD65(分子量为65kDa的L-谷氨酸脱羧酶)的活化。通过检查从突触体制剂获得的突触小泡膜上的蛋白质复合物,可以表征GAD65在GABA囊泡释放的偶联合成和囊泡摄取中的作用,这最终导致GABA囊泡释放GABA能神经传递的微调方法。

【背景】突触体制备方法在40多年前在神经科学研究实验室中建立,并且在涉及神经递质释放相关的细胞外钾升高以及对细胞内钙增加的应答方面具有极大的价值。除了阐明神经递质释放的过程之外,突触体制剂已经成为突触囊泡的有价值的来源。关于突触小泡的研究已经被用于表征参与偶联的神经递质合成和囊泡释放的蛋白质组分。突触体制剂作为突触囊泡分离的中间体也是非常有价值的,然后根据位于包含神经递质合成酶的囊泡膜上的蛋白质复合物进行分析。在这方面关键的意义在于包括CSP(胱氨酸 - ...

Determination of the H+-ATP Synthase and Hydrolytic Activities
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Date:
2016-08-20
[Abstract]  The H+-ATP synthase of the inner mitochondrial membrane utilizes the proton gradient generated by the respiratory chain to synthesize ATP. Under depolarizing conditions, it can function in reverse by hydrolyzing ATP to generate a proton gradient. The protocols presented here allow the facile determination of both the synthetic and hydrolytic activities of the H+-ATP synthase in isolated mitochondria and in permeabilized mammalian cells. Since the protocol requires the isolation of polarized and well-coupled mitochondria, first we describe the protocol for mitochondrial isolation from mouse tissues. Second, we describe the protocol for measuring the ATP synthetic activity as end-point and kinetic modes in isolated mitochondria and in permeabilized cells. Finally, we ... [摘要]  内线粒体膜的H sup + -ATP合酶利用呼吸链产生的质子梯度来合成ATP。 在去极化条件下,它可以通过水解ATP产生质子梯度而反向作用。 本文提供的方案允许容易地测定分离的线粒体和透化的哺乳动物细胞中H sup + -ATP合酶的合成和水解活性。 由于该协议需要极化和良好耦合的线粒体的分离,首先我们描述线粒体从小鼠组织分离的协议。 第二,我们描述了用于测量ATP合成活性作为终点和在分离的线粒体和透化细胞中的动力学模式的方案。 最后,我们描述了用于测定酶在分离的线粒体中的ATP水解活性的方案。

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