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1.5-ml microcentrifuge tubes

Fisherbrand TM高级微量离心管:1.5mL

Company: Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: 05-408-129
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A Triple-challenge Mouse Model of Allergic Airway Disease, Primary Influenza Infection, and Secondary Bacterial Infection
Author:
Date:
2020-04-20
[Abstract]  Asthma is a global problem that affects millions of individuals. An increased risk of respiratory viral and bacterial infections is one of the complications of asthma. We recently reported that mice with ovalbumin-induced allergic airway disease (AAD) are protected against influenza-Streptococcus pneumoniae co-infection. Here, we describe in detail a protocol on how to induce AAD and influenza-S. pneumoniae co-infection in mice and to evaluate the specific roles of asthma on immunity to viral and bacterial pathogens in the hope of translating findings to benefit asthmatic individuals. [摘要]  [摘要] 哮喘是一个全球性问题,影响着数以百万计的人。呼吸道病毒和细菌感染的风险增加是哮喘的并发症之一。我们最近报道说,患有卵白蛋白诱发的过敏性气道疾病(AAD)的小鼠可以预防流行性感冒肺炎链球菌合并感染。在这里,我们详细描述议定书中关于如何诱导AAD和流行性感冒肺炎链球菌合并感染的小鼠并要评估的具体作用哮喘在抗干扰性病毒和细菌病原体的希望翻译发现以使哮喘患者受益。

[背景] 全球患病个体与哮喘的增加,随着300亿目前的痛苦和额外的100万个新发生率预测到2025年(生菜等,2017) 。由于中改变的免疫系统,哮喘的个体被认为具有风险增加易感性的流感感染的季节性和大流行性流感感染可导致并发Bacteri 铝感染可导致气道呼吸窘迫综合征,潜在的危及生命的疾病(Gilca 等,2011) 。无论是否哮喘病是在最近的2009年H1N1大流行期间,哮喘患者更容易因流感住院,但临床数据也表明哮喘患者死亡或需要ICU的可能性较小与没有哮喘的人相比,流感大流行期间大多数死亡不是由每次入院的病毒感染引起的。本身,但实际上是由于继发细菌感染引起的并发症(Morens 等人,2008; MacIntyre 等人,2018)。我们先前曾报道患有AAD的小鼠对流感病毒或肺炎链球菌的单次感染具有抗性(Furuya 等人,2015; Sanfilippo ...

Growth Recovery Assay and FACS-based Population Sorting Following Territorial Exclusion in Proteus mirabilis
Author:
Date:
2020-03-05
[Abstract]  Many bacteria take part in self recognition and kin discrimination behavior using contact-dependent effectors. Understanding the effects these effectors cause is important to explain bacterial community formation and population dynamics. Typically, kin discrimination effectors are toxins that kill target cells; their effect is therefore obvious and easily measurable. However, many self-recognition effectors, such as the Proteus mirabilis Ids system, are non-lethal and do not cause obvious physiological changes in target cells. Previously, experimental techniques to probe cells experiencing non-lethal kin recognition have been limited. Here we describe a technique to reliably isolate cells deemed self and non-self through Ids self-recognition for downstream phenotypic analysis. ... [摘要]  [摘要] 许多细菌使用接触依赖性效应子参与自我识别和亲属歧视行为。了解这些效应子引起的作用对于解释细菌群落形成和种群动态很重要。通常,亲属歧视效应子是杀死靶细胞的毒素;因此,它们的效果是显而易见的,并且易于测量。但是,许多自我识别效应器,例如变形杆菌(Proteus mirabilis) Ids系统是非致命性的,不会在靶细胞中引起明显的生理变化。以前,探测经历非致命亲属识别的细胞的实验技术受到限制。在这里,我们描述了一种技术,该技术可通过Ids自我识别可靠地分离被视为自身和非自身的细胞,以进行下游表型分析。将荧光标记的自我识别突变体的液体培养物混合在一起,并接种在群体允许的琼脂上。收获混合群,并通过荧光激活细胞分选术(FACS)分离每个菌株。在平板读取器上测量每种菌株的生长速率。该协议适用于其他细菌物种。我们简要描述了如何将分类的颗粒用于其他分析,如RNA-Seq文库制备。

[背景和 d] 许多生物的进化适应社区生活。整个大自然中存在的一种常见机制是亲属歧视:对近亲的优先对待和对非亲属的阻碍(Smith,1964)。细菌亲属歧视的研究充分的例子包括接触依赖性抑制(CDI)(Aoki 等,2009; Garcia 等,2016)和通过IV型和VI型分泌系统进行毒素转移(Brunet 等,2013; Souza ...

HIVGKO: A Tool to Assess HIV-1 Latency Reversal Agents in Human Primary CD4+ T Cells
Author:
Date:
2018-10-20
[Abstract]  While able to suppress HIV replication in HIV infected individuals, combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) fails to eliminate viral latent reservoir, which consists in integrated transcriptional silenced HIV provirus. So far, identification of latently-infected cells has relied on activating cells to induce expression of HIV proteins which can then be detected. Unfortunately, this activation significantly changed the cell phenotype. We developed a novel HIV reporter, named HIVGKO, that allows the purification of latently-infected cells in absence of reactivation. Indeed, latent cells can be identified by expression of the EF1a-driven mKO2 and lack of expression of the LTR-driven csGFP. This protocol can be used to study the effectiveness of LRAs (Latency Reversal Agents) in ... [摘要]  虽然能够抑制HIV感染个体中的HIV复制,但联合抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)无法消除病毒潜伏性储库,其包含整合的转录沉默的HIV原病毒。 到目前为止,潜伏感染细胞的鉴定依赖于激活细胞以诱导HIV蛋白的表达,然后可以检测到这些蛋白的表达。 不幸的是,这种激活显着改变了细胞表型。 我们开发了一种名为HIV GKO 的新型HIV报告基因,可以在没有再激活的情况下纯化潜伏感染的细胞。 实际上,可以通过EF1a驱动的mKO2的表达和LTR驱动的csGFP的缺乏表达来鉴定潜伏细胞。 该方案可用于研究LCA(潜伏期逆转剂)在原代细胞中重新激活潜伏HIV的有效性。

【背景】新版双标记病毒(HIV GKO )含有5'LTR中HIV-1启动子控制下的密码子转换eGFP(csGFP)和一种独特的无关荧光蛋白 mKO2在细胞延伸因子αα启动子(EF1α)的控制下。 当使用与遗传相关的荧光蛋白时,由于重组问题,在这些报道分子中使用不相关的荧光蛋白是很重要的。 因此,生产性感染的细胞主要是csGFP + mKO2 + (有些可能只是GFP + ),而潜伏感染的细胞是csGFP - mKO2 + 。 流式细胞仪如分拣机AriaII允许纯化纯感染人群(生产性,潜伏性和/或未感染),而分析仪LSRII允许评估HIV GKO LTR的转录激活。 感染后的时间很短。

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