{{'Search' | translate}}
 

High-Performance Centrifuge Tubes

Company: VWR
Catalog#: 89039-668
Bio-protocol()
Company-protocol()
Other protocol()

Measurement of Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR) and Extracellular Acidification Rate (ECAR) in Culture Cells for Assessment of the Energy Metabolism
Author:
Date:
2018-05-20
[Abstract]  Mammalian cells generate ATP by mitochondrial (oxidative phosphorylation) and non-mitochondrial (glycolysis) metabolism. Cancer cells are known to reprogram their metabolism using different strategies to meet energetic and anabolic needs (Koppenol et al., 2011; Zheng, 2012). Additionally, each cancer tissue has its own individual metabolic features. Mitochondria not only play a key role in energy metabolism but also in cell cycle regulation of cells. Therefore, mitochondria have emerged as a potential target for anticancer therapy since they are structurally and functionally different from their non-cancerous counterparts (D'Souza et al., 2011). We detail a protocol for measurement of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) measurements ... [摘要]  哺乳动物细胞通过线粒体(氧化磷酸化)和非线粒体(糖酵解)代谢产生ATP。已知癌细胞使用不同的策略重新编程它们的代谢以满足能量和合成代谢需要(Koppenol等人,2011; Zheng,2012)。此外,每个癌症组织都有其自己的个体代谢特征。线粒体不仅在能量代谢中起关键作用,而且在细胞的细胞周期调控中也起关键作用。因此,线粒体作为抗癌治疗的潜在靶标已经出现,因为它们在结构和功能上与其非癌对应物不同(D'Souza等人,2011)。我们详细介绍了利用海马XF24细胞外通量分析仪(图1)测量活细胞中氧耗率(OCR)和细胞外酸化率(ECAR)测量的方案。 Seahorse XF24细胞外通量分析仪持续测量细胞上清液中的氧浓度和质子流量(Wu等人,2007)。这些测量结果在OCR和ECAR值中转换,并能够直接定量线粒体呼吸和糖酵解。有了这个协议,我们试图评估三种不同癌细胞系的基线粒体功能和线粒体应激反应细胞毒性测试先导化合物甲磺卡西林,以研究其作用机制。将细胞铺在XF24细胞培养板中并保持24小时。在分析之前,将培养基替换为无缓冲的DMEM pH7.4,然后使细胞在非代谢通量分析前使用Seahorse XF在非CO 2孵育器中平衡以允许精确测量Milli-pH单位改变。 ...

Isolation and Quantification of Plant Extracellular Vesicles
Author:
Date:
2017-09-05
[Abstract]  Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in intercellular communication by transporting proteins and RNA. While plant cells secrete EVs, they have only recently been isolated and questions regarding their biogenesis, release, uptake and function remain unanswered. Here, we present a detailed protocol for isolating EVs from the apoplastic wash of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. The isolated EVs can be quantified using a fluorometric dye to assess total membrane content. [摘要]  细胞外囊泡(EVs)通过传递蛋白质和RNA在细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用。 虽然植物细胞分泌电动汽车,但是它们最近才被孤立,并且关于它们的生物发生,释放,摄取和功能的问题仍然没有得到回答。 在这里,我们提出了一个详细的方案,用于从拟南芥叶片的脱水洗涤中分离EV。 可以使用荧光染料定量分离的EV,以评估总膜含量。
【背景】细胞外囊泡(EVs)是介导蛋白质,脂质和遗传物质的细胞与细胞转移的膜结合结构。由于哺乳动物EVs转运RNA和调节免疫反应的能力,对哺乳动物EV的兴趣已经增长。哺乳动物EV通常被分离用于从培养细胞的培养基中研究,以及生物流体的增长列表(Colombo等,2014)。植物电动车也被认为在免疫反应中起作用,但比较缺乏(An et al。,2007; Davis et al。,2016)。这在很大程度上归因于没有孤立的方法。
  虽然植物EVs自1967年以来一直被观察到,使用透射电子显微镜,但直到2009年才开发出分离方法(Halperin和Jensen,1967)。 ...

Laser Scanning Confocal Microcopy for Arabidopsis Epidermal, Mesophyll, and Vascular Parenchyma Cells
Author:
Date:
2017-03-05
[Abstract]  Investigation of protein targeting to plastids in plants by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) can be complicated by numerous sources of artifact, ranging from misinterpretations from in vivo protein over-expression, false fluorescence in cells under stress, and organellar mis-identification. Our studies have focused on the plant-specific gene MSH1, which encodes a dual targeting protein that is regulated in its expression and resides within the nucleoid of a specialized plastid type (Virdi et al., 2016). Therefore, our methods have been optimized to study protein dual targeting to mitochondria and plastids, spatial and temporal regulation of protein expression, and sub-organellar localization, producing a protocol and set of experimental standards that ... [摘要]  通过共焦激光扫描显微镜(CLSM)对植物中质体进行蛋白质靶向的研究可能由于许多来源的伪像而复杂化,其范围从体内蛋白质过度表达的误解,应激细胞中的假荧光,和细胞器错误识别。我们的研究集中在植物特异性基因MSH1上,其编码双重靶向蛋白,其在其表达中被调节并且位于特定质体类型的核内(Virdi等人,2016)。因此,我们的方法已被优化,以研究蛋白质双重靶向线粒体和质体,蛋白质表达的空间和时间调节和亚细胞定位,产生其他人可能对这些研究有用的方案和一组实验标准。

背景 植物中的蛋白质靶向行为受氨基末端前序列以及可影响亚组织定位行为的内部序列特征的影响(Baginsky和Gruissem,2004)。结合启动子驱动的表达空间和时间调节,蛋白质的活性可以通过时间和位置而非常精确和专一。在MSH1的情况下,这种核编码的植物特异性蛋白质是双重靶向线粒体和质体(Xu et al。,2011)。启动子特征将其表达指导到生殖,表皮和血管薄壁细胞(Virdi等人,2016)。内部蛋白质特征将其定位于线粒体和质体核,以及质体类囊体膜。使用这里描述的方法,通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜大大促进了这些不寻常的蛋白质特征的发现。使用更传统的细分器分割方法,大部分细节将被忽略。

Comments