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Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: 12491023
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Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) into Osteoclasts
Author:
Date:
2020-12-20
[Abstract]  

Defects in bone resorption by osteoclasts result in numerous rare genetic bone disorders as well as in some common diseases such as osteoporosis or osteopetrosis. The use of hiPSC-differentiated osteoclasts opens new avenues in this research field by providing an unlimited cell source and overcoming obstacles such as unavailability of human specimens and suitable animal models. Generation of hiPSCs is well established but efficient differentiation of hiPSCs into osteoclasts has been challenging. Published hiPSC-osteoclast differentiation protocols use a hiPSC-OP9 co-culture system or hiPSC-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) with multiple cytokines. Our three-stage protocol consists of 1) EB mesoderm differentiation, 2) expansion of myelomonocytic cells and 3) maturation of hiPSC-osteoclasts.

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[摘要]  [摘要]破骨细胞引起的骨吸收缺陷导致许多罕见的遗传性骨疾病以及某些常见的疾病,例如骨质疏松症或骨质疏松症。采用的hiPSC -分化破骨细胞通过提供无限的细胞来源和克服障碍,如人体标本和合适的动物模型的可用性打开了该领域的新途径。hiPSC的生成已被公认,但是将hiPSC高效分化为破骨细胞一直具有挑战性。发布的hiPSC -osteoclast分化协议使用的hiPSC-OP9共培养体系或hiPSC细胞来源的胚状 具有多种细胞因子的机体(EB)。我们的三阶段协议包含:1)中胚层EB分化,2)的扩张骨髓单核细胞和3)的成熟的hiPSC -osteoclasts。我们通过在Nunclon Sphera微孔板上培养Accutase分离的hiPSCs来产生大小均一的EB,并在4天的细胞因子混合物中促进EB中胚层分化。对于第2阶段,将EBs转移至明胶包被的平板中,并用hM -CSF和hIL-3培养,以扩增骨髓单核细胞群。通过与维生素d,补充hTGF β,HM -CSF和hRANKL ,在第2阶段结束时收集的细胞的diff erentiated成成熟破骨细胞(第3阶段)。与其他技术相比,我们的协议不需要共培养系统。诱导EBs分化为中胚层 均匀的方式; 使用较少的细胞因子进行分化;只需要很短的时间就可以使破骨细胞成熟,并产生足够数量的破骨细胞用于后续的分子分析。

图形摘要: ...

Assessment of Cellular Redox State Using NAD(P)H Fluorescence Intensity and Lifetime
Author:
Date:
2017-01-20
[Abstract]  NADH and NADPH are redox cofactors, primarily involved in catabolic and anabolic metabolic processes respectively. In addition, NADPH plays an important role in cellular antioxidant defence. In live cells and tissues, the intensity of their spectrally-identical autofluorescence, termed NAD(P)H, can be used to probe the mitochondrial redox state, while their distinct enzyme-binding characteristics can be used to separate their relative contributions to the total NAD(P)H intensity using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). These protocols allow differences in metabolism to be detected between cell types and altered physiological and pathological states. [摘要]  NADH和NADPH分别是分解代谢和合成代谢过程的氧化还原辅因子。此外,NADPH在细胞抗氧化防御中起着重要作用。在活细胞和组织中,其光谱相同的自发荧光(称为NAD(P)H)的强度可用于探测线粒体氧化还原状态,而其不同的酶结合特征可用于将其相对贡献与总共分离使用荧光寿命成像显微镜(FLIM)的NAD(P)H强度。这些方案允许在细胞类型和改变的生理和病理状态之间检测代谢的差异。

背景 氧化还原辅因子烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)及其磷酸化对应物NADPH的还原形式本质上是荧光的,两者都吸收波长为340(±30)nm并在460(±50)nm处发射的光(Patterson等人。,2000)。这些光谱特征在氧化成NAD(上标+)或NADP(superson),(2007))时损失。单独的NAD和NADP池的氧化还原平衡决定了对比的代谢过程(Ying,2008),如图1所示。NAD作为电子受体,用于通过三羧酸氧化线粒体中的糖,脂质和氨基酸底物(TCA)循环,并作为内线粒体膜(IMM)上的电子传递链(ETC)的电子供体,促使将质子泵送到膜间隙中,作为合成三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的电源,通过F 1 F 0 O 3 ATP合成酶(Osellame等人,2012)。因此,线粒体中NADH与NAD + 的平衡反映了TCA循环与ETC活性的平衡。 ...

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