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Amicon Ultra-0.5 Centrifugal Filter Unit with Ultracel-3 membrane

Company: EMD Millipore
Catalog#: 105033
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Sterol Analysis in Kluyveromyces lactis
Author:
Date:
2017-09-05
[Abstract]  Sterols are essential lipids of most eukaryotic cells with multiple functions (structural, regulatory and developmental). Sterol profile of yeast cells is often determined during the studies of ergosterol synthesis mutants used to uncover a number of functions for various sterols in yeast cells. Molecular studies of ergosterol biosynthesis have been also employed to identify essential steps in the pathway against which antifungals might be developed. We present here a protocol for the isolation of non-saponifiable lipids (sterols) from Kluyveromyces lactis yeast cells and a chromatographic method for quantitative analysis of sterols in lipid extracts (HPLC) that can be performed in laboratories with standard equipment. [摘要]  甾醇是具有多种功能(结构,调节和发育)的大多数真核细胞的必需脂质。 在用于揭示酵母细胞中各种甾醇的许多功能的麦角甾醇合成突变体的研究期间,酵母细胞的甾醇分布通常被确定。 麦角甾醇生物合成的分子研究也被用于鉴定可能开发抗真菌剂途径的基本步骤。 我们在这里介绍从乳酸克鲁维酵母酵母细胞中分离不皂化脂质(甾醇)的方案和用于在实验室中用标准设备进行的脂质提取物(HPLC)中固醇的定量分析的色谱法。
【背景】在酵母细胞中发现的主要膜固醇的麦角固醇在哺乳动物系统中与胆固醇相似的细胞膜中起着结构的作用。通过影响膜的刚性,流动性和渗透性,甾醇已被证明对膜的许多重要物理特征负责。通过它们与磷脂和鞘脂的相互作用,提出甾醇以维持蛋白质的侧向异质性和质膜中的脂质分布,因为它们在诱导称为脂筏的微区域中的推定作用(Dupont等人,2011; Souza等, 2011)。酵母中的甾醇生物合成是一种能量昂贵的多步需氧过程,需要血红素和分子氧。谷歌甾醇及其生物合成步骤是对宿主生物体胆固醇合成影响较小的抗真菌化合物的主要目标(Daum等,1998)。麦角甾醇及其一些生物合成中间体(角鲨烯,7-脱氢胆固醇)均属于直接吸引人的化学物质。因此,用于甾醇分离的简单可靠的方法是非常有益的(Valachovic和Hapala,2017)。在该方案中,我们描述了用于测定酵母细胞中甾醇分布的固醇分离的分析方法。

Multiplexed GuideRNA-expression to Efficiently Mutagenize Multiple Loci in Arabidopsis by CRISPR-Cas9
Author:
Date:
2017-03-05
[Abstract]  Since the discovery of the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-associated protein (Cas) as an efficient tool for genome editing in plants (Li et al., 2013; Shan et al., 2013; Nekrasov et al., 2013), a large variety of applications, such as gene knock-out, knock-in or transcriptional regulation, has been published. So far, the generation of multiple mutants in plants involved tedious crossing or mutagenesis followed by time-consuming screening of huge populations and the use of the Cas9-system appeared a promising method to overcome these issues. We designed a binary vector that combines both the coding sequence of the codon optimized Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 nuclease under the control of the Arabidopsis thaliana ... [摘要]  自从发现CRISPR(聚集的定期交织的短回文重复) - 相关蛋白(Cas)作为植物基因组编辑的有效工具(Li等人,2013; Shan等人已经出版了诸如基因敲除,敲入或转录调控等各种各样的应用,例如,2013; Nekrasov等人,2013)。到目前为止,植物中多种突变体的产生涉及繁琐的杂交或诱变,随后大量人群的耗时筛选,Cas9系统的使用似乎是有希望的方法来克服这些问题。我们设计了一种二元载体,其结合了在拟南芥UBIQUITIN10(UBQ10)启动子和引导RNA(gRNA)控制下的优化的化脓性链球菌(Caspase)密码子的编码序列)由 A驱动的表现盒。拟南芥U6 - 启动子,用于在拟南芥中进行有效的多重编辑(阎等人,2016年)。在这里,我们描述了一个逐步的方案,以经济有效的方式生成含有多个gRNA的二元载体和基于经典克隆方法的Cas9核酸酶。背景 RNA引导的Cas9系统源于针对外源DNA的细菌防御系统(Sorek等人,2013)。由于其高效率,易于处理和多重编辑的可能性,已经被认为是基因组编辑的选择方法。通常,Cas9基因编辑系统涉及单个合成RNA分子,其指导Cas9蛋白质靶向所需DNA位点以进行基因组修饰或转录控制的gRNA。 gRNA-Cas9复合物通过gRNA-DNA配对识别靶向的DNA,并需要存在原始相邻基序(PAM)。 ...

In vitro Assessment of RNA Polymerase I Activity
Author:
Date:
2017-02-05
[Abstract]  In eukaryotic cells transcriptional processes are carried out by three different RNA polymerases: RNA polymerase I which specifically transcribes ribosomal RNA (rRNA), RNA polymerase II which transcribes protein-coding genes to yield messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and small RNAs, while RNA polymerase III transcribes the genes for transfer RNAs and for the smallest species of ribosomal RNA (5S rRNA). This protocol describes an in vitro assay to evaluate the rRNA transcriptional activity of RNA polymerase I. The method measures the quantity of radiolabelled uridine 5’ triphosphate incorporated in ex novo synthesized rRNA molecules by RNA polymerase I, in optimal conditions for the enzyme activity and in the presence of a toxin, α-amanitin, which inhibits RNA polymerase II and III ... [摘要]  在真核细胞中,转录过程由三种不同的RNA聚合酶:特异性转录核糖体RNA(rRNA)的RNA聚合酶I,转录蛋白质编码基因以产生信使RNA(mRNA)和小RNA的RNA聚合酶II进行转录,RNA聚合酶III转录转录RNA和最小核糖体RNA(5S rRNA)的基因。该方案描述了用于评价RNA聚合酶I的rRNA转录活性的体外实验方法。该方法测量了合并的rRNA分子中掺入的放射性标记的尿苷5'-三磷酸的量通过RNA聚合酶I,在酶活性的最佳条件和毒素α-amanitin存在下,其抑制RNA聚合酶II和III而不影响RNA聚合酶I(Novello和Stirpe,1970)。

背景 在真核细胞中,RNA聚合酶I转录位于核仁中的核糖体基因,产生45S rRNA前体分子。这些被处理以形成成熟的18S,5.8S和28S ...

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