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Aqua-Poly/Mount

Company: Polysciences
Catalog#: 18606
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Immunofluorescence Analysis of Human Endocervical Tissue Explants Infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Author:
Date:
2018-02-05
[Abstract]  Colonization and penetration of the epithelium is the infection-initiating route of mucosal pathogens. The epithelium counteracts infection by eliciting host cell responses while maintaining the mucosal barrier function. The obligate human sexually transmitted bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, or gonococcus (GC) infects the female reproductive tract primarily from the endocervical epithelium. Due to lack of an infection model that mimics all aspects of human infections in the female reproductive tract, GC pathogenesis is poorly understood. This protocol takes advantage of the viability and functional integrity of human cervical tissues propagated in culture to generate an ex vivo infection model. This tissue model maintains the nature of the infection target and ... [摘要]  上皮的定植和穿透是粘膜病原体的感染启动途径。 上皮细胞通过引发宿主细胞应答来抵抗感染,同时维持粘膜屏障功能。 专性人类性传播细菌淋病奈瑟氏球菌或淋球菌属(GC)主要从宫颈内膜上皮感染女性生殖道。 由于缺乏模仿女性生殖道人类感染的各个方面的感染模型,GC发病机制知之甚少。 该方案利用培养物中繁殖的人宫颈组织的生存力和功能完整性来产生体外感染模型。 这种组织模型保持了感染目标和环境的性质,而没有任何操作,如病毒永生化上皮细胞。 使用免疫荧光显微镜,分析GC与子宫颈上皮细胞的相互作用。


【背景】淋病奈瑟菌(GC)感染人类生殖器上皮,引起淋病,一种常见的性传播感染。女性感染可导致严重的并发症,如盆腔炎,引起输卵管瘢痕和堵塞,易发生异位妊娠或不孕。由于抗生素耐药菌株的流行率增加,淋病又成为重要的公共卫生问题。由于人类是GC的唯一宿主,因此缺乏模仿人类感染各个方面的感染模型是推进我们对GC发病机理的理解的主要障碍。我们建立了人宫颈组织外植体模型和免疫荧光显微镜分析来检测GC感染妇女GC感染的主要部位人间宫颈细胞的机制。这种体外模型保持了宫颈上皮细胞的正常细胞构筑和组织完整性。使用这种模型和免疫荧光分析,我们表明,气相色氨酸定居和渗透到子宫颈组织,在那里他们可能导致症状和播散性淋球菌感染。 ...

Isolation, Culture and Differentiation of Adult Hippocampal Precursor Cells
Author:
Date:
2017-11-05
[Abstract]  There are two neurogenic niches in the adult mammalian brain: the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Cells from these areas can be isolated and maintained in vitro, using two different culture systems to assess their potential regarding proliferation and differentiation in a reductionist model. While the neurosphere assay is primarily performed to directly study the proliferative and differentiation potential of cells in individual brains, the monolayer culture allows single cell analysis in a rather homogeneous cell population. Here, we describe the isolation, culturing methods and differentiation of neural precursor cells in both systems. [摘要]  成年哺乳动物脑中有两个神经生态位:侧脑室下脑室区和海马齿状回颗粒下区。 来自这些区域的细胞可以在体外分离和维持,使用两种不同的培养系统评估它们在还原模型中的增殖和分化的潜力。 虽然神经球测定主要是为了直接研究个体脑中细胞的增殖和分化潜能,单层培养允许在相当均匀的细胞群中进行单细胞分析。 在这里,我们描述了两个系统中的神经前体细胞的分离,培养方法和分化。

【背景】在哺乳动物脑中,成人神经干细胞存在于两个主要神经生态位中,即海马齿状回(DG)的下颗粒区(SGZ)和室下区(SVZ)的侧脑室,其允许新生神经元成人的大脑。来自神经生态位的神经前体细胞可以在体外分离和培养以模拟细胞过程,尤其是增殖和分化。两种标准培养系统,贴壁单层培养(Palmer等人,1995; Ray等人,1995)和神经球测定(Reynolds和Weiss,1992和1996 )在20世纪90年代被引入,代表了在体外研究神经祖细胞生物学的有价值的工具。

根据研究问题,每个系统都有其优点和缺点,在选择其中一种或另一种培养方法之前应该仔细考虑。在贴壁单层培养中,细胞生长相当孤立,形成更均匀的培养物。单层允许直接调查和监测单细胞水平的神经前体细胞。受控条件下的形态,增殖和分化等特征可以很容易地分析和可视化。然而,与神经球培养物相比,以单层培养的细胞代表更复杂的模型,因为细胞通常以更少的通常存在于细胞壁中的细胞 ...

Heterochronic Pellet Assay to Test Cell-cell Communication in the Mouse Retina
Author:
Date:
2017-02-05
[Abstract]  All seven retinal cell types that make up the mature retina are generated from a common, multipotent pool of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) (Wallace, 2011). One way that RPCs know when sufficient numbers of particular cell-types have been generated is through negative feedback signals, which are emitted by differentiated cells and must reach threshold levels to block additional differentiation of that cell type. A key assay to assess whether negative feedback signals are emitted by differentiated cells is a heterochronic pellet assay in which early stage RPCs are dissociated and labeled with BrdU, then mixed with a 20-fold excess of dissociated differentiated cells. The combined cells are then re-aggregated and cultured as a pellet on a membrane for 7-10 days in vitro. During ... [摘要]  构成成熟视网膜的所有七种视网膜细胞类型都是由普通的多能视网膜祖细胞池(RPC)产生的(Wallace,2011)。已经产生足够数量的特定细胞类型的RPC知道的一种方式是通过负反馈信号,其由分化细胞发射并且必须达到阈值水平以阻止该细胞类型的额外分化。评估负反馈信号是否由分化细胞发出的关键测定是异源沉淀测定,其中早期RPC被解离并用BrdU标记,然后与20倍过量的解离的分化细胞混合。然后将组合的细胞再次聚集并在细胞膜上培养7-10天。在这段时间内,RPC将会分化,BrdU + RPC的命运可以使用细胞类型特异性标记进行评估。开发这种沉淀测定的研究人员最初表明,当两种细胞类型混合在一起时,新生儿RPC与胚胎RPC相比,在加速进度条件下产生杆(Watanabe和Raff,1990; Watanabe等,1997)。我们已经使用这种测定来证明我们发现作为视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)分化的负调节物的声刺猬(Shh)促进RPC增殖(Jensen和Wallace,1997; Ringuette等,2014)。最近我们修改了异质性沉淀测定法,以评估视网膜无长突细胞的反馈信号的作用,将转化生长因子β2(Tgfβ2)鉴定为负反馈信号,并将Pten作为Tgfβ2应答的调节剂(Ma et al。,2007 ; ...

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