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Sodium Chloride

Sodium Chloride

Company: Wako Pure Chemical Industries
Catalog#: 192-13925
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Generation of Chemically Induced Liver Progenitors (CLiPs) from Rat Adult Hepatocytes
Author:
Date:
2018-01-20
[Abstract]  Primary mature hepatocytes (MHs) or their progenitor cells are candidate cell sources for cell transplantation therapy in severe liver diseases. However, stable culture of these cells or generation of equivalent cells from pluripotent stem cells has been limited. Using a cocktail of small molecules that we previously found useful in stable culture of multiple types of stem/progenitor cells, we recently established a novel method to generate bipotent liver progenitor cells, named chemically induced liver progenitors (CLiPs), from adult rat MHs. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for the induction of rat CLiPs. We first describe the method to isolate primary rat MHs and then describe how to induce CLiPs from these MHs. In addition, we describe a method to evaluate the bipotentiality of ... [摘要]  原代成熟肝细胞(MH)或其祖细胞是重症肝病中细胞移植治疗的候选细胞来源。然而,这些细胞的稳定培养或多能干细胞的等效细胞的产生受到限制。我们使用先前在多种类型的干/祖细胞稳定培养中发现有用的小分子混合物,最近建立了一种从成年大鼠MHs产生双能肝脏祖细胞(命名为化学诱导肝祖细胞(CLiPs))的新方法。在这里,我们描述了诱导大鼠CLiPs的详细方案。我们首先描述分离原代鼠MH的方法,然后描述如何从这些MH中诱导CLiPs。另外,我们描述了一种评估产生的CLiPs分化成肝细胞和胆管上皮细胞的双能性的方法。我们还介绍了如何通过长期的文化和详细的示例数据建立稳定的CLiP。可以在2周内产生初级CLiPs,并且可以在2.5-4个月内建立经历10次传代的稳定的CLiPs,批次间变异性。
【背景】对于实现肝病再生医学的新型细胞来源有着强烈的需求。目前唯一的治疗终末期肝病的方法是肝移植,但是由于供者短缺,其应用受到限制。最近,我们小组提出了一种产生能够在体外稳定地扩增的新型LPC的方法,并且可以以广泛的效率重新繁殖慢性肝炎动物模型的损伤肝脏(Katsuda等人, / ...

Determination of Local pH Differences within Living Salmonella Cells by High-resolution pH Imaging Based on pH-sensitive GFP Derivative, pHluorin(M153R)
Author:
Date:
2017-09-05
[Abstract]  The bacterial flagellar type III protein export apparatus is composed of a transmembrane export gate complex and a cytoplasmic ATPase complex. The export apparatus requires ATP hydrolysis and the proton motive force across the cytoplasmic membrane to unfold and transport flagellar component proteins for the construction of the bacterial flagellum (Minamino, 2014). The export apparatus is a proton/protein antiporter that couples the proton flow with protein transport through the gate complex (Minamino et al., 2011). A transmembrane export gate protein, FlhA, acts as an energy transducer along with the cytoplasmic ATPase complex (Minamino et al., 2016). To directly measure the proton flow through the FlhA channel that is coupled with the flagellar protein export, we have ... [摘要]  细菌鞭毛III型蛋白质输出装置由跨膜出口门复合物和胞质ATP酶复合物组成。出口设备需要ATP水解和跨细胞质膜的质子动力来展开和转运鞭毛成分蛋白以构建细菌鞭毛(Minamino,2014)。出口设备是质子/蛋白质反向转运体,其将质子流与通过门络合物的蛋白质转运相结合(Minamino等,2011)。跨膜输出门蛋白FlhA与胞质ATP酶复合物一起作为能量转导(Minamino等,2016)。为了直接测量通过与鞭毛蛋白输出相结合的FlhA通道的质子流,我们开发了具有高空间和pH分辨率的体内pH成像系统(Morimoto等,2016)。在这里,我们描述了我们如何测量生活沙门氏菌细胞出口设备附近的局部pH(Morimoto et al。,2016)。我们的方法可以应用于广泛的活细胞。由于局部pH值是监测活细胞活性的最重要参数之一,因此我们的方案将广泛应用于生命科学的各个领域。
【背景】已经检测到跨膜质子通道复合物的质子通道活性是细菌细胞的细胞质pH降低(Morimoto等,2010; Che等,2014; Furukawa等,2017)。然而,为了详细测量活细胞中膜复合物的质子通道活性,需要精确测量局部细胞质pH。绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的衍生物,pHluorin,激发波长为410和470 nm,发射于508 nm是测量活细胞胞质pH值的有用探针(Miesenböcket ...

Bacterial Intracellular Sodium Ion Measurement using CoroNa Green
Author:
Date:
2017-01-05
[Abstract]  The bacterial flagellar type III export apparatus consists of a cytoplasmic ATPase complex and a transmembrane export gate complex, which are powered by ATP and proton motive force (PMF) across the cytoplasmic membrane, respectively, and transports flagellar component proteins from the cytoplasm to the distal end of the growing flagellar structure where their assembly occurs (Minamino, 2014). The export gate complex can utilize sodium motive force in addition to PMF when the cytoplasmic ATPase complex does not work properly. A transmembrane export gate protein FlhA acts as a dual ion channel to conduct both H+ and Na+ (Minamino et al., 2016). Here, we describe how to measure the intracellular Na+ concentrations in living Escherichia coli ... [摘要]  细菌鞭毛III型出口设备由细胞质ATP酶复合物和跨膜出口门复合物组成,分别由ATP和质子动力(PMF)驱动跨越细胞质膜,并将鞭毛成分蛋白从细胞质转运到远端结束它们的组装发生的鞭毛结构(Minamino,2014)。当细胞质ATPase复合物不能正常工作时,出口门复合物可以利用除PMF之外的钠动力。跨膜出口门蛋白FlhA充当双离子通道,以进行H + 和Na + (Minamino等人,2016)。在这里,我们描述如何使用钠敏感荧光染料CoroNa Green(Minamino等人)测量活细胞大肠杆菌细胞中的细胞内Na+浓度,。,2016)。通过荧光显微镜检测CoroNa Green的荧光强度,可以定量测定细胞内Na +的浓度。

背景 通过荧光成像技术测量细胞内Na +浓度能够在单细胞水平上更精确和定量地进行,因为每个细胞的背景噪声可以通过图像分析程序去除。 Lo <等等。已经建立了用于测量活体中的细胞质Na +浓度的方案。使用钠敏感荧光染料钠绿,并显示细胞质Na +浓度维持在10mM左右。大肠杆菌在0至100mM的外部Na +浓度范围的宽范围内(Lo et al。,2006)。因为CoroNa ...

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