| Metabolomic and Lipidomic Analysis of Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages
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Author:
Date:
2020-07-20
[Abstract] Macrophages are highly plastic immune cells that are capable of adopting a wide array of functional phenotypes in response to environmental stimuli. The changes in macrophage function are often supported and regulated by changes in cellular metabolism. Capturing a comprehensive picture of metabolism is vital for understanding the role of metabolic rewiring in the immune response. Here we present a method for systematically quantifying the abundance of metabolites and lipids in primary murine bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). This method simultaneously extracts polar metabolites and lipids from BMDMs using a rapid two-phase extraction procedure. The polar metabolite fraction and lipid fraction are subsequently analyzed by separate liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) ...
[摘要] [摘要] 巨噬细胞是高度可塑性的免疫细胞，能够对环境刺激产生广泛的功能表型。巨噬细胞功能的改变通常受到细胞代谢的支持和调节。获取新陈代谢的全面图像对于理解代谢重组在免疫反应中的作用至关重要。本文提出了一种系统定量测定小鼠骨髓源性巨噬细胞（BMDMs）中代谢物和脂质丰度的方法。该方法采用快速两相萃取法同时从BMDMs中提取极性代谢物和脂质。极性代谢物部分和脂质部分随后通过单独的液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）方法进行分析，以优化覆盖率和定量。这使得对细胞代谢的全面表征可以用来理解各种环境刺激对巨噬细胞代谢和功能的影响。
[背景] 巨噬细胞是先天性免疫系统的细胞，在局部微环境中对信号作出反应时，可采用多种功能表型。巨噬细胞的激活与细胞代谢的特定重编程相结合并高度依赖（Tannahill et al.，2013；Galván-Peña and O'Neill，2014；Jha et al.，2015；Kelly and O'Neill，2015；Cordes et al.，2016；Mills and O'Neill 2016；等人；Mills et al.，2016；Liu et al.，2013；Lampropoulou et al.，2016；Van den ...
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| Delivery of the Cas9 or TevCas9 System into Phaeodactylum tricornutum via Conjugation of Plasmids from a Bacterial Donor
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Author:
Date:
2018-08-20
[Abstract] Diatoms are an ecologically important group of eukaryotic microalgae with properties that make them attractive for biotechnological applications such as biofuels, foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a model diatom with defined culture conditions, but routine genetic manipulations are hindered by a lack of simple and robust genetic tools. One obstacle to efficient engineering of P. tricornutum is that the current selection methods for P. tricornutum transformants depend on the use of a limited number of antibiotic resistance genes. An alternative and more cost-effective selection method would be to generate auxotrophic strains of P. tricornutum by knocking out key genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis, and using ...
[摘要] 硅藻是一种具有重要生态意义的真核微藻类，其特性使其对生物燃料，食品，化妆品和药品等生物技术应用具有吸引力。 Phaeodactylum tricornutum 是具有确定培养条件的模型硅藻，但缺乏简单而强大的遗传工具阻碍了常规遗传操作。有效设计 P的一个障碍。 tricornutum 是 P的当前选择方法。 tricornutum 转化体依赖于使用有限数量的抗生素抗性基因。另一种更具成本效益的选择方法是产生 P的营养缺陷型菌株。通过敲除参与氨基酸生物合成的关键基因，并使用基于质粒的生物合成基因拷贝作为选择标记，使三角酵母。以前关于 P基因敲除的研究。 tricornutum 使用biolistic转换将CRISPR-Cas9系统传递到 P.藻。非复制质粒的生物射弹转化可导致对 P的不期望的损伤。由于转化的DNA随机整合到基因组中，tricornutum 。随后固化编辑的细胞以防止Cas9的长期过表达是非常困难的，因为目前没有方法来切除整合的质粒。该协议采用新方法将Cas9或TevCas9系统传送到 P. tricornutum 通过来自细菌供体细胞的质粒的缀合。该过程涉及：1）设计和插入靶向 P的guideRNA。将tricornutum 尿素酶基因导入TevCas9表达质粒，该质粒也编码转移的接合起点，2）将该质粒安装在含有含有接合机制的质粒（pTA-Mob）的大肠杆菌中， ...
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| Ex vivo Culture of Adult Mouse Antral Glands
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Author:
Date:
2017-01-05
[Abstract] The tri-dimensional culture, initially described by Sato et al. (2009) in order to isolate and characterize epithelial stem cells of the adult small intestine, has been subsequently adapted to many different organs. One of the first examples was the isolation and culture of antral stem cells by Barker et al. (2010), who efficiently generated organoids that recapitulate the mature pyloric epithelium in vitro. This ex vivo approach is suitable and promising to study gastric function in homeostasis as well as in disease. We have adapted Barker’s protocol to compare homeostatic and regenerating tissues and here, we meticulously describe, step by step, the isolation and culture of antral glands as well as the isolation of single cells from antral glands that ...
[摘要] 为了分离和表征成年小肠的上皮干细胞，最初由Sato等人（2009）描述的三维培养物已经随后适应于许多不同的器官。其中一个例子是Barker等人（2010）分离和培养窦性干细胞，他们有效地产生了在体外重现成熟幽门上皮的组织细胞。这种“离体”方法是适合的，并且有希望研究体内平衡和疾病中的胃功能。我们已经调整了Barker的方案来比较稳态和再生组织，这里，我们一步一步地仔细地描述了窦腺的分离和培养，以及从细胞分选后可能用于培养的窦腺中分离单细胞一个例子（Fernandez Vallone等人，2016）。
背景来自腺体的小鼠成体干细胞可以在3D matrigel中离体生长，作为“迷你腺体”无限期（Barker等人，2010） 。与EGF，Noggin和R-spondin 1存在下生长的小鼠成年小肠的干细胞相比，胃干细胞需要进一步补充Fgf10，胃泌素，Wnt3a和更高浓度的R-螺旋菌素1（称为作为ENRFGW）获得生产性文化。直到最近，在干细胞消融后，在离体培养系统中成体再生窦腺是否生长，如果是这样，仍然是未知的。使用本方案，证明了内源性和再生的腺体在接种时不会类似地生长并且表现出不同的生长培养要求。
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