| Generation of Chemically Induced Liver Progenitors (CLiPs) from Rat Adult Hepatocytes
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Author:
Date:
2018-01-20
[Abstract] Primary mature hepatocytes (MHs) or their progenitor cells are candidate cell sources for cell transplantation therapy in severe liver diseases. However, stable culture of these cells or generation of equivalent cells from pluripotent stem cells has been limited. Using a cocktail of small molecules that we previously found useful in stable culture of multiple types of stem/progenitor cells, we recently established a novel method to generate bipotent liver progenitor cells, named chemically induced liver progenitors (CLiPs), from adult rat MHs. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for the induction of rat CLiPs. We first describe the method to isolate primary rat MHs and then describe how to induce CLiPs from these MHs. In addition, we describe a method to evaluate the bipotentiality of ...
[摘要] 原代成熟肝细胞（MH）或其祖细胞是重症肝病中细胞移植治疗的候选细胞来源。然而，这些细胞的稳定培养或多能干细胞的等效细胞的产生受到限制。我们使用先前在多种类型的干/祖细胞稳定培养中发现有用的小分子混合物，最近建立了一种从成年大鼠MHs产生双能肝脏祖细胞（命名为化学诱导肝祖细胞（CLiPs））的新方法。在这里，我们描述了诱导大鼠CLiPs的详细方案。我们首先描述分离原代鼠MH的方法，然后描述如何从这些MH中诱导CLiPs。另外，我们描述了一种评估产生的CLiPs分化成肝细胞和胆管上皮细胞的双能性的方法。我们还介绍了如何通过长期的文化和详细的示例数据建立稳定的CLiP。可以在2周内产生初级CLiPs，并且可以在2.5-4个月内建立经历10次传代的稳定的CLiPs，批次间变异性。
【背景】对于实现肝病再生医学的新型细胞来源有着强烈的需求。目前唯一的治疗终末期肝病的方法是肝移植，但是由于供者短缺，其应用受到限制。最近，我们小组提出了一种产生能够在体外稳定地扩增的新型LPC的方法，并且可以以广泛的效率重新繁殖慢性肝炎动物模型的损伤肝脏（Katsuda等人， / ...
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| Optogenetic Mapping of Synaptic Connections in Mouse Brain Slices to Define the Functional Connectome of Identified Neuronal Populations
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Author:
Date:
2017-01-05
[Abstract] Functional connectivity in a neural circuit is determined by the strength, incidence, and neurotransmitter nature of its connections (Chuhma, 2015). Using optogenetics the functional synaptic connections between an identified population of neurons and defined postsynaptic target neurons may be measured systematically in order to determine the functional connectome of that identified population. Here we describe the experimental protocol used to investigate the excitatory functional connectome of ventral midbrain dopamine neurons, mediated by glutamate cotransmission (Mingote et al., 2015). Dopamine neurons are made light sensitive by injecting an adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding channelrhodopsin (ChR2) into the ventral midbrain of DATIREScre mice. The efficacy and ...
[摘要] 神经回路中的功能连通性由其连接的强度，发病率和神经递质特性决定（Chuhma，2015）。使用光遗传学，可以系统地测量识别的神经元群体和定义的突触后靶神经元之间的功能性突触连接，以便确定该识别群体的功能性连接群。这里我们描述了用于研究由谷氨酸共转播介导的腹侧中脑多巴胺神经元的兴奋性功能性连接体的实验方案（Mingote等，2015）。通过将编码通道视紫红质（ChR2）的腺相关病毒（AAV）注射到DATIREScre小鼠的腹侧中脑中，使多巴胺神经元变得光敏。多巴胺合成酶酪氨酸羟化酶的免疫荧光证实ChR2表达在多巴胺神经元中的功效和特异性。然后，切片膜片钳记录由接受多巴胺神经元投影的区域中的神经元产生，并且确定兴奋性连接的发生率和强度。所有接受多巴胺神经元投射的区域的连接发生率和强度的总结构成功能性连接体。
【背景】为了建立特定神经回路的功能，有必要确定解剖连接，解剖连接的映射及其功能连接，连接的强度，发病率和神经递质性质的映射。使用单因素限制的病毒性突触后追踪技术，可以描述包括多巴胺系统在内的神经回路的复杂解剖连接（Callaway and Luo，2015; ...
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