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SODIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC, ANHYDROUS

磷酸氢二钠,无水

Company: AMRESCO
Catalog#: 0404
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TUNEL Assay to Assess Extent of DNA Fragmentation and Programmed Cell Death in Root Cells under Various Stress Conditions
Author:
Date:
2017-08-20
[Abstract]  DNA damage is one of the common consequences of exposure to various stress conditions. Different methods have been developed to accurately assess DNA damage and fragmentation in cells and tissues exposed to different stress agents. However, owing to the presence of firm cellulosic cell wall and phenolics, plant cells and tissues are not easily amenable to be subjected to these assays. Here, we describe an optimized TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling) assay-based protocol to determine the extent of DNA fragmentation and programmed cell death in plant root cells subjected to various stress conditions. The method described here has the advantages of simplicity, reliability and reproducibility. [摘要]  DNA损伤是暴露于各种压力条件的常见后果之一。 已经开发了不同的方法来准确评估暴露于不同应激剂的细胞和组织中的DNA损伤和碎裂。 然而,由于纤维素细胞壁和酚类物质的存在,植物细胞和组织不容易进行这些测定。 在这里,我们描述了优化的TUNEL(末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP切口标记)测定方法,以确定经受各种应激条件的植物根细胞中DNA片段化和程序性细胞死亡的程度。 这里描述的方法具有简单,可靠和重复性好的优点。
【背景】暴露于各种压力通常导致至少一定程度的DNA损伤,导致各种损伤,例如胸腺嘧啶二聚化,碱基烷基化,单链缺口和双链断裂(Bray和West,2005; Manova和Gruszka,2015)。在所有类型的DNA损伤中,DNA片段化在应激条件下特别令人关注,这可能是应激的直接影响(如用基因毒素治疗方法所观察到的)或间接作用(主要是通过过度产生的活性氧),甚至可能是两者的累积结果(Bray和West,2005; Kapoor等,2015)。这种DNA损伤必须由细胞的修复机械精确修复,否则可能会导致细胞死亡。为了维持正常状态,细胞利用依赖于三个非排他事件的DNA损伤反应。检测/识别损坏,其通过维修机械的访问,最后修复(Smerdon,1991)。
   在细胞水平上应力适应的主要分子机制之一涉及对由于应激引起的受损DNA的DNA损伤和/或有效修复的抗性。因此,为了评估基因型的应激适应性,通常需要对DNA损伤进行准确评估。两种广泛用于检测植物DNA断裂的测定法是单细胞凝胶电泳 ...

Use of Geminivirus for Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Components to Tobacco by Agro-infiltration
Author:
Date:
2017-04-05
[Abstract]  CRISPR/Cas9 system is a recently developed genome editing tool, and its power has been demonstrated in many organisms, including some plant species (Wang et al., 2016). In eukaryotes, the Cas9/gRNA complexes target genome sites specifically and cleave them to produce double-strand breaks (DSBs), which can be repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway (Wang et al., 2016). Since NHEJ is error prone, mutations are thus generated. In plants, delivery of genome editing reagents is still challenging. In this protocol, we detail the procedure of a virus-based gRNA delivery system for CRISPR/Cas9 mediated plant genome editing (VIGE). This method offers a rapid and efficient way to deliver gRNA into plant cells, especially for those that are recalcitrant to ... [摘要]  CRISPR / Cas9系统是最近开发的基因组编辑工具,其功能已被证实在许多生物体中,包括一些植物物种(Wang等人,2016)。 在真核生物中,Cas9 / gRNA复合物特异性地靶向基因组位点并切割它们以产生双链断裂(DSB),其可以通过非同源末端连接(NHEJ)途径修复(Wang等人, 。,2016)。 由于NHEJ易出错,因此产生突变。 在植物中,基因组编辑试剂的递送仍然是挑战性的。 在本协议中,我们详细介绍了CRISPR / Cas9介导的植物基因组编辑(VIGE)的基于病毒的gRNA传递系统的过程。 该方法提供了将gRNA递送到植物细胞中的快速且有效的方式,特别是对于那些难以转基因农杆菌的方法。

已经报道了基于病毒的基因组编辑技术使用解构DNA病毒和RNA病毒(Baltes等人,2014; Ali等人,2015)。 最近,我们使用了一种完整的双因素病毒 - 卷心菜叶卷曲病毒(CaLCuV)(一种感染广西芥菜科的成员,包括花椰菜的二分酵母病毒),用于高效率 第一次(Yin等人,2015年),其主机之一的基因组编辑(Nicotiana benhamiana)首次进行基因组编辑。

In vitro Drug Susceptibility Assay for HBV Using Southern Blotting
Author:
Date:
2015-04-20
[Abstract]  Antiviral agents for the suppression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) have been used for treating chronic hepatitis B. However, the emergence of drug-resistant HBV is still a major problem for antiviral treatment. To identify and characterize the drug-resistant HBV, the construction of HBV replicon and in vitro drug susceptibility assay are essential. Here we describe the experimental methods to study drug-resistant HBV. [摘要]  用于抑制乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的抗病毒剂已经用于治疗慢性乙型肝炎。然而,耐药性HBV的出现仍然是抗病毒治疗的主要问题。 为了鉴定和表征耐药性HBV,构建HBV复制子和体外药物敏感性测定是必需的。 在这里我们描述研究耐药性HBV的实验方法。

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