{{'Search' | translate}}
 

Agar

Agar

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: 05040
Bio-protocol()
Company-protocol()
Other protocol()

Identification and Quantification of Secondary Metabolites by LC-MS from Plant-associated Pseudomonas aurantiaca and Pseudomonas chlororaphis
Author:
Date:
2018-01-20
[Abstract]  Increased antibiotic resistance of plants and human pathogens and continuous use of chemical fertilizers has pushed microbiologists to explore new microbial sources as potential antagonists. In this study, eight strains of Pseudomonas aurantiaca and Pseudomonas chlororaphis, have been isolated from different plant sources and screened for their antagonistic and plant growth promoting potential (Shahid et al., 2017). All strains were compared with reference strain PB-St2 and their secondary metabolites were isolated by the use of solvent partitioning and subjected to LC/ESI/MS for confirmation of compounds. The ESI-mass spectra obtained were used to characterize the surfactants ionization behavior and [M + H]+ and [M + Na]+ ions were ... [摘要]  哺乳动物正呼吸道病毒(呼肠孤病毒)利用成孔肽穿透宿主细胞膜。 在病毒进入过程中,这一步对于提供含核心颗粒的基因组至关重要。 该协议描述了用于测量呼肠孤病毒诱导的孔形成的体外测定。

【背景】呼肠孤病毒是无包膜的双链RNA病毒,其由两个同心蛋白质壳组成:内衣壳(核心)和外衣壳(Dryden等人,1993; Zhang等人, / ,2005; Dermody et al ,2013)。在附着之后,病毒颗粒被内吞(Borsa et al。,1979; Ehrlich et al。,2004; Maginnis et al。,2006; Maginnis和宿主组织蛋白酶蛋白酶降解σ3外壳蛋白(Chang和Zweerink,1971; Silverstein等人,1972; Borsa等人,et al。 1981; Sturzenbecker等人,1987; Dermody等人,1993; Baer和Dermody,1997; Ebert等人, 2002年)。这个过程产生一个亚稳中间体,称为感染性亚病毒颗粒(ISVP),其中细胞穿透蛋白μ1被暴露(Dryden等人,1993)。呼肠孤病毒ISVPs进行第二次构象改变以将含有基因组的核心沉积到宿主细胞的细胞质中。被改变的粒子被称为ISVP *(Chandran et al。,2002)。 ISVP-to-ISVP ...

Generation of Caenorhabditis elegans Transgenic Animals by DNA Microinjection
Author:
Date:
2017-10-05
[Abstract]  Microinjection is the most frequently used tool for genetic transformation of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, facilitating the transgenic expression of genes, genome editing by the clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system, or transcription of dsRNA for RNA intereference (RNAi). Exogenous DNA is delivered into the developing oocytes in the germline of adult hermaphrodites, which then generate transgenic animals among their offspring. In this protocol, we describe the microinjection procedure and the subsequent selection of transgenic progeny. [摘要]  显微注射是线虫秀丽隐杆线虫遗传转化中最常用的工具,促进基因的转基因表达,通过聚集的定期散布的短回文重复序列(CRISPR)-Cas9系统的基因组编辑或转录 dsRNA用于RNA干扰(RNAi)。 外源DNA被递送到成年雌雄同株的种系中的发育中的卵母细胞中,然后在它们的后代中产生转基因动物。 在该方案中,我们描述了显微注射程序和随后的转基因后代选择。
【背景】在C.通过显微注射的DNA转化通常用于产生过表达或异位表达可以与标签(例如,绿色荧光蛋白[GFP])融合的基因的转基因动物,允许突变体的表型拯救和/或蛋白质的定位和功能的分析(Carter等人,1990; Chalfie等人,1994; Mello和Fire,1995)。聚集的定期散布的短回文重复(CRISPR)-Cas9系统的出现需要显微注射以通过引入点突变或插入/缺失突变来实现高度特异性的基因组编辑(概述于Dickinson和Goldstein,2016)。此外,该技术被应用于dsRNA的可诱导和/或组织特异性转录以便于遗传性RNA干扰(RNAi)(Tavernarakis等人,2000) ...

Isolation and Quantification of Plant Extracellular Vesicles
Author:
Date:
2017-09-05
[Abstract]  Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in intercellular communication by transporting proteins and RNA. While plant cells secrete EVs, they have only recently been isolated and questions regarding their biogenesis, release, uptake and function remain unanswered. Here, we present a detailed protocol for isolating EVs from the apoplastic wash of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. The isolated EVs can be quantified using a fluorometric dye to assess total membrane content. [摘要]  细胞外囊泡(EVs)通过传递蛋白质和RNA在细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用。 虽然植物细胞分泌电动汽车,但是它们最近才被孤立,并且关于它们的生物发生,释放,摄取和功能的问题仍然没有得到回答。 在这里,我们提出了一个详细的方案,用于从拟南芥叶片的脱水洗涤中分离EV。 可以使用荧光染料定量分离的EV,以评估总膜含量。
【背景】细胞外囊泡(EVs)是介导蛋白质,脂质和遗传物质的细胞与细胞转移的膜结合结构。由于哺乳动物EVs转运RNA和调节免疫反应的能力,对哺乳动物EV的兴趣已经增长。哺乳动物EV通常被分离用于从培养细胞的培养基中研究,以及生物流体的增长列表(Colombo等,2014)。植物电动车也被认为在免疫反应中起作用,但比较缺乏(An et al。,2007; Davis et al。,2016)。这在很大程度上归因于没有孤立的方法。
  虽然植物EVs自1967年以来一直被观察到,使用透射电子显微镜,但直到2009年才开发出分离方法(Halperin和Jensen,1967)。 ...

Comments