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Potassium phosphate monobasic

Potassium phosphate monobasic

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: 60218
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Quantification of Neisseria meningitidis Adherence to Human Epithelial Cells by Colony Counting
Author:
Date:
2018-02-05
[Abstract]  To cause an infection, the human specific pathogen Neisseria meningitides must first colonize the nasopharynx. Upon tight interaction with the mucosal epithelium, N. meningitidis may cross the epithelial cellular barrier, reach the bloodstream and cause sepsis and/or meningitis. Since N. meningitidis niche is restricted to humans the availability of relevant animal models to study host-pathogen interactions are limiting. Therefore, most findings that involve N. meningitidis colonization derive from studies using cultured human cell lines. Human epithelial cells have been successfully used to examine and identify molecular effectors involved in initial adherence of the pathogen. Here, we describe a standard protocol to quantify the adherence of N. ... [摘要]  为了引起感染,人类特定的病原体脑膜炎奈瑟氏脑必须首先在鼻咽中定居。 与粘膜上皮紧密相互作用时, 脑膜炎双球菌可能穿过上皮细胞屏障,到达血流并引起败血症和/或脑膜炎。 由于 N meningitidis niche限于人类。 因此,大多数涉及N 脑膜炎菌群定植来源于使用培养的人类细胞系的研究。 在最初的病原体坚持。 在这里,我们描述了一个标准协议来量化N的遵守情况。 脑膜炎双球菌对上皮细胞FaDu细胞的作用。 感染后收集的细胞裂解物的集落计数用于量化对上皮细胞的粘附。

【背景】作为细菌发病机制的重要一步。细菌粘附素与宿主细胞表面受体之间的分子相互作用决定了定植位点(Soto and Hultgren,1999)。鼻咽中的上皮层形成人类限制性病原体N的第一个细胞屏障。 meningitidis 遇到和无症状殖民。牢固粘附,并与宿主细胞相互作用可导致上皮细胞和进入血液的渗透,在危及生命的败血症和/或脑膜炎(斯蒂芬斯,2009)得到的。从细菌膜延伸出来的长细丝(称为IV型菌毛(Tfp))与PilC1尖端定位的粘附素在初始依从性中起关键作用。脑膜炎到鼻咽上皮细胞(Marceau等,1995; Rudel等,1995)。 Tfp不仅促进与宿主细胞的相互作用,而且参与细菌聚集体的发育,这可以有助于高水平的粘附和抵抗剪切应力(Helaine等,2005,Mikaty ...

Determination of (p)ppGpp Levels During Stringent Response in Streptomyces coelicolor by Thin Layer Chromatography
Author:
Date:
2016-11-05
[Abstract]  The stringent response in bacteria is a stress response that is mediated by the signaling molecules guanosine tetraphosphate and pentaphosphate [(p)ppGpp], alarmones that are also directly related to virulence. Therefore, determination of (p)ppGpp levels is crucial for studying the stringent response. The protocol here outlines in a step-wise manner the detection of (p)ppGpp in the bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor during stringent response (Strauch et al., 1991) by thin layer chromatography (TLC). In the example shown here, stringent response is induced by addition of serine hydroxamate, an inhibitor of seryl tRNA synthetase. This protocol was first published in Molecular Microbiology (Sivapragasam and Grove, 2016). [摘要]  细菌中的严格反应是由信号分子鸟苷四磷酸和五磷酸[(p)ppGpp]介导的应激反应,它们也与毒力直接相关。因此,(p)ppGpp水平的确定对于研究严格反应至关重要。这里的方案以分步方式概述在严格反应期间细菌链霉菌(Streptomyces coelicolor)中(p)ppGpp的检测(Strauch等人,1991),通过薄层色谱(TLC)。在本文所示的实施例中,通过添加丝氨酸氧肟酸盐(丝氨酸tRNA合成酶的抑制剂)诱导严格反应。该方案首次发表于Molecular Microbiology(Sivapragasam and Grove,2016)。

[背景] 薄层色谱法用于在严格反应期间分析(p)ppGpp水平在各种细菌菌种中长时间使用,并且它是用于该目的的普遍接受的方法。然而,以前发布的协议仅仅总结了主要概念,并且确定包括该过程的每个步骤的综合协议是具有挑战性的。我们在这里提出已经优化用于研究在严格的反应的详细协议。 coelicolor 。处理 S唯一的步骤。天蓝色文化已经被鉴定,并且因此方案可以容易地适应于其他细菌物种。该方法依赖于使用并入作为强碱性阴离子交换剂的聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)的TLC板。因此,PEI是用于分离离子化合物如磷酸化核苷的选择的基质(Calderón-Flores等人,2005; Mechold等人,2013; Strauch ...

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