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Diethyl ether

Diethyl ether

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: 309966
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An in vitro DNA Sensor-based Assay to Measure Receptor-specific Adhesion Forces of Eukaryotic Cells and Pathogens
Author:
Date:
2020-09-05
[Abstract]  Motility of eukaryotic cells or pathogens within tissues is mediated by the turnover of specific interactions with other cells or with the extracellular matrix. Biophysical characterization of these ligand-receptor adhesions helps to unravel the molecular mechanisms driving migration. Traction force microscopy or optical tweezers are typically used to measure the cellular forces exerted by cells on a substrate. However, the spatial resolution of traction force microscopy is limited to ~2 µm and performing experiments with optical traps is very time-consuming.

Here we present the production of biomimetic surfaces that enable specific cell adhesion via synthetic ligands and at the same time monitor the transmitted forces by using molecular tension sensors. The ligands were ...
[摘要]  [摘要 ] 组织内真核细胞或病原体的运动性是通过与其他细胞或细胞外基质特异性相互作用的转换来介导的。这些配体-受体粘附的生物物理特征有助于揭示驱动迁移的分子机制。牵引力显微镜或光学镊子通常用于测量细胞在基质上施加的细胞力。但是,牵引力显微镜的空间分辨率仅限于〜2 µm,使用光阱进行实验非常耗时。

在这里,我们介绍了仿生表面的生产,该表面能够通过合成配体实现特定的细胞粘附,同时通过使用分子张力传感器监控传递的力。将配体与双链DNA探针偶联,该探针具有确定的DNA解链力阈值。从而将pN范围内的受体介导力半定量转换为荧光信号,可以通过标准荧光显微镜在分辨率极限(〜0.2 µm)上检测到。

该测定的模块化设计允许改变所呈现的配体和DNA探针的机械强度,这为探测不同的真核细胞类型和病原体的粘附提供了多种可能性,此处以骨肉瘤细胞和伯氏疟原虫子孢子体为例。

[背景 ] 运动细胞和病原体以多种不同方式与环境相互作用(Parsons 等,2010; Nan ,2017; Muthinja 等,2018 )。例如,跨膜受体将单个细胞锚定在其环境中,并使其与其他细胞相互作用(Hynes ,1992)。整联蛋白是将细胞连接到细胞外基质的主要受体,它以双向方式传递力(Schoen et ...

Determination of the Glycolysis and Lipogenesis in Culture of Hepatocytes
Author:
Date:
2016-11-05
[Abstract]  Metabolic flux analyses are needed to provide insights into metabolic regulation that occurs in cells. The current protocol describes fast and reproducible methods for determining glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis of hepatocytes. Primary culture of hepatocytes is an ‘in vitro’ model useful to study liver glucose and lipid metabolism (Denechaud et al., 2016). The protocol is divided in 2 parts. Part I: Glycolysis experiment is assessed using the Seahorse extracellular flux (XF) analyser. Glycolysis is determined via the measurement of the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of the media, which come predominately from the cellular excretion of lactic acid after the conversion of glucose in pyruvate. Part II: De novo lipogenesis experiment determines ... [摘要]  需要代谢通量分析来提供细胞中发生的代谢调节的见解。目前的协议描述了确定糖酵解和肝细胞脂肪生成的快速和可重复的方法。肝细胞的原代培养是用于研究肝葡萄糖和脂质代谢的"体外"模型(Denechaud等人,2016)。协议分为2部分。第I部分:使用海马细胞外通量(XF)分析仪评估糖酵解实验。糖酵解通过测量培养基的细胞外酸化速率(ECAR)来确定,所述培养基主要来自丙酮酸中葡萄糖转化后乳酸的细胞排泄。第II部分:新生脂肪生成实验测定来自乙酸盐C 14+前体的甘油三酯(TG)中的放射性C 14+掺入。在2小时后,向培养基中补加乙酸盐,提取脂质,并在新合成的TG标记的定量之前通过TLC(薄层色谱)分离。

[背景] 有不同的方法来评估葡萄糖和脂质代谢:代谢物定量,酶活性和代谢组学...我们的协议聚焦于活细胞的代谢通量分析并且不需要代谢组学设施。海马细胞外通量(XF)分析仪,现在存在于很多机构,是通过确定培养基pH值间接测量活细胞间接糖酵解的强大工具。脂肪生成协议不需要大投资,是高度可重复的。也可以使用氚化水确定,其通过脂肪酸合酶引入新鲜合成的脂质中。

Fat Turnover Assay in Drosophila
Author:
Date:
2016-11-05
[Abstract]  Like all animals, Drosophila shows robust fat (triglyceride) turnover, i.e., they synthesize, store and utilize triglyceride for their daily metabolic needs. The protocol describes a simple assay to measure this turnover of triglycerides in Drosophila. [摘要]  像所有动物一样,果蝇表现出强劲的脂肪(甘油三酯)周转,即,它们合成,储存和利用甘油三酯用于其日常代谢需要。 该方案描述了测量果蝇中甘油三酯转化的简单测定法。 几乎所有的动物都以 糖原和甘油三酯。 许多生理,病理和环境条件引起这些能量储备的总水平的变化,特别是甘油三酯。 然而,并不总是清楚甘油三酯中所导致的变化是由于减少的分解,增加的合成,或反之亦然。 使用此协议,可以确定新合成的甘油三酯在苍蝇中的合成速率和降解。

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