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N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylethylenediamine

N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethylethylenediamine

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: T7024
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Cell-free Reconstitution of the Packaging of Cargo Proteins into Vesicles at the trans Golgi Network
Author:
Date:
2020-03-05
[Abstract]  Protein sorting at the trans Golgi network (TGN) plays important roles in targeting newly synthesized proteins to their specific destinations. The aim of this proposal is to reconstitute the packaging of non-Golgi resident cargo proteins into vesicles at the TGN, utilizing rat liver cytosol, semi-intact mammalian cells and nucleotides. The protocol describes how to perform the vesicle formation assay, how to isolate vesicles and how to detect cargo proteins in vesicles. This reconstitution assay can be used to quantitatively measure the efficiency of the packaging of a specific cargo protein into transport vesicles at the TGN under specific experimental conditions. [摘要]  [摘要] 反式高尔基体网络(TGN)上的蛋白质分选在将新合成的蛋白质靶向其特定目的地方面起着重要作用。该提议的目的是利用大鼠肝细胞溶质,半完整的哺乳动物细胞和核苷酸,在TGN处将非高尔基驻留的货物蛋白重新包装成囊泡。该协议描述了如何进行囊泡形成测定,如何分离囊泡以及如何检测囊泡中的货物蛋白。该重构测定法可用于定量测量在特定实验条件下将特定货物蛋白包装到TGN的运输小泡中的效率。

[背景] 的反式高尔基体网络(TGN)是在分泌运送路径的必要的交通枢纽。为了确保水泡运输的保真度,真核细胞利用各种蛋白质分选设备将特定的货物蛋白质准确地包装到TGN的运输小泡中,然后运至特定的目的地(Guo 等人,2014)。为了加深我们对TGN分选过程特异性的理解,重要的是开发一种能够忠实地重构TGN囊泡形成和货物分选过程的分析方法。该测定法可用于直接和定量地测量特定因子在调节特定货物蛋白包装到运输小泡中的作用。从内质网(ER)将货物蛋白包装到COPII囊泡中的无细胞重构已得到很好的建立(Kim 等,2005; Kim 等,2007; Merte 等,2010; Yuan 等。,2018;Niu 等,2019;)。已经开发出一种体外测定法,其在TGN处重构特定货物蛋白TGN46在运输小泡中的释放(Ponnambalam 等,1996;Wakana ...

RNA Degradation Assay Using RNA Exosome Complexes, Affinity-purified from HEK-293 Cells
Author:
Date:
2017-04-20
[Abstract]  The RNA exosome complex plays a central role in RNA processing and regulated turnover. Present both in cytoplasm and nucleus, the exosome functions through associations with ribonucleases and various adapter proteins (reviewed in [Kilchert et al., 2016]). The RNA exosome-associated EXOSC10 protein is a distributive, 3’-5’ exoribonuclease. The following protocol describes an approach to monitor the ribonucleolytic activity of affinity-purified EXOSC10-containing RNA exosomes, originating from HEK-293 cells, as reported in (Domanski et al., 2016) and further detailed in the companion bio-protocol to this one (Domanski and LaCava, 2017). [摘要]  RNA外植体复合物在RNA加工和调节营养中起核心作用。在细胞质和细胞核中存在,外来体通过与核糖核酸酶和各种衔接蛋白的关联起作用(参见[Kilchert等人,2016])。 RNA外植体相关的EXOSC10蛋白是分布的3'-5'外核糖核酸酶。以下方案描述了监测源自HEK-293细胞的亲和纯化含EXOSC10的RNA外来体的核糖核酸裂解活性的方法,如(Domanski等人,2016)所报道的,并进一步详细描述这个配套生物协议(Domanski和LaCava,2017)。

在我们以前的工作中,我们在四环素诱导型CMV启动子(HEK-293 Flp-In T-REx-Thermo)的控制下,建立了表达C末端3xFLAG标记的外来体成分EXOSC10(RRP6)的同基因HEK-293细胞系费雪科学)。该系统允许我们以与内源WT蛋白质相当的水平表达标记的EXOSC10蛋白质,并且使用磁性抗FLAG亲和介质和来源于冷冻细胞粉末的蛋白质提取物来研究外来体纯化方案(Domanski等, / ...

A Ribosome Footprinting Protocol for Plants
Author:
Date:
2016-11-05
[Abstract]  Ribosome footprinting, or Ribo-seq, has revolutionized the studies of translation. It was originally developed for yeast and mammalian cells in culture (Ingolia et al., 2009). Herein, we describe a plant-optimized hands-on ribosome footprinting protocol derived from previously published procedures of polysome isolation (Ingolia et al., 2009; Mustroph et al., 2009) and ribosome footprinting (Ingolia et al., 2009; Ingolia et al., 2013). With this protocol, we have been able to successfully isolate and analyze high-quality ribosomal footprints from different stages of in vitro grown Arabidopsis thaliana plants (dark-grown seedlings [Merchante et al., 2015] and 13-day-old plantlets in plates and plants grown in liquid ... [摘要]  核糖体足迹或Ribo-seq,彻底改变了翻译研究。它最初是为培养中的酵母和哺乳动物细胞开发的(Ingolia等人,2009)。本文中,我们描述了来自先前公开的多核糖体分离程序的植物优化的亲手核糖体印迹方案(Ingolia等人,2009; Mustroph等人,2009 )和核糖体印迹(Ingolia等人,2009; Ingolia等人,2013)。使用该协议,我们能够成功地分离和分析来自体外生长的拟南芥植物(黑暗生长的幼苗)的不同阶段的高质量核糖体印迹[Merchante < ,以及在液体培养物中生长的板和植物中的13天龄小植物[未发表的结果])。

[背景] 翻译在调节基因活性中的中心作用早已被公认,但是在响应于特定刺激的全基因组翻译定量变化的系统探索最近才变得技术上可行。最初为培养中的酵母和哺乳动物细胞开发的核糖体印迹技术(通常称为Ribo-seq)已经彻底改变了翻译调节和基因表达的研究,因为其允许确定核糖体在基因组 - ...

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