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IsoFlo®

IsoFlo®

Company: Patterson Veterinary Supply
Catalog#: 07-806-3204
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Photothrombotic Induction of Capillary Ischemia in the Mouse Cortex during in vivo Two-Photon Imaging
Author:
Date:
2017-07-05
[Abstract]  Photothrombosis of blood vessels refers to the activation of a circulating photosensitive dye with a green light to induce clotting in vivo (Watson et al., 1985). Previous studies have described how a focused green laser could be used to noninvasively occlude pial arterioles and venules at the brain surface (Schaffer et al., 2006; Nishimura et al., 2007; Shih et al., 2013). Here we show that small regions of the capillary bed can similarly be occluded to study the ischemic response within the capillary system of the mouse cerebral cortex. The advantage of this approach is that the ischemic zone is restricted to a diameter of approximately 150-250 μm. This permits higher quality two-photon imaging of degenerative processes that would be ... [摘要]  血管的血栓形成是指用绿光激活循环的光敏染料,以在体内诱发凝血(Watson等人,1985)。以前的研究已经描述了如何将聚焦的绿色激光器用于非侵入性地封闭脑表面的小动脉和小静脉(Schaffer等人,2006; Nishimura等人, 2007; Shih等人,2013)。这里我们显示毛细血管床的小区域可以类似地闭塞,以研究小鼠大脑皮质毛细管系统内的缺血反应。这种方法的优点是缺血区被限制在约150-250μm的直径。这允许退化过程的更高质量的双光子成像,否则由于过度的光子散射,否则难以用大规模中风的模型来可视化。毛细血管闭塞的结果是血脑屏障(BBB)的泄漏。在这里,通过使用双光子成像数据集,我们展示了如何通过确定静脉内染料外渗的空间范围和定位来量化毛细血管渗漏。
【背景】存在许多动物模型通过闭塞主要大脑动脉大规模诱发缺血(Carmichael,2005)。然而,在体内双光子成像中不能获得中风的一些方面。在经历更严重缺血的区域,由于离子不平衡而导致细胞膨胀,这种水肿过程有助于增加光散射,大大降低了体内双光子成像的质量和深度。较小的局部缺血区域将减少光子散射,并且仍然允许与局部缺血相关的神经血管变化随着时间的推移在体内更清晰地显现。
我们最近表明,空间受限区域的缺血可以通过聚焦的血栓形成的皮质毛细血管床照射产生(Underly等人,2017)。毛细血管闭塞是高度可重复的,可以针对特定的位置,并通过颅骨成像窗口在精确的时间开始。所得到的缺血区域占据通过典型颅窗可接近的面积的1%(图1D和1E),允许在一个窗口中检查多个笔触。 ...

Quantitative 3D Time Lapse Imaging of Muscle Progenitors in Skeletal Muscle of Live Mice
Author:
Date:
2016-12-20
[Abstract]  For non-optically clear mammalian tissues, it is now possible to use multi-photon microscopy to penetrate deep into the tissue and obtain detailed single cell images in a live animal, i.e., intravital imaging. This technique is in principle applicable to any fluorescently marked cell, and we have employed it to observe stem cells during the regenerative process. Stem cell-mediated skeletal muscle regeneration in the mouse model has been classically studied at specific time points by sacrificing the animal and harvesting the muscle tissue for downstream analyses. A method for direct visualization of muscle stem cells to gain real-time information over a long period in a live mammal has been lacking. Here we describe a step-by-step protocol adapted from Webster et al. ... [摘要]  对于非光学清晰的哺乳动物组织,现在可以使用多光子显微镜深入渗透到组织中,并且在活体动物(即,即活体成像)中获得详细的单细胞图像。这种技术原则上适用于任何荧光标记的细胞,我们已经使用它来观察再生过程中的干细胞。小鼠模型中的干细胞介导的骨骼肌再生已经在特定时间点通过牺牲动物和收获肌肉组织进行下游分析进行了经典研究。一直缺乏直接观察肌肉干细胞以在活体哺乳动物中长时间获得实时信息的方法。在这里,我们将介绍一种从Webster等人修改的分步骤协议。 (2016),以定量测量稳态期间荧光标记(GFP,EYFP)肌肉干细胞和祖细胞的行为以及肌肉损伤后的行为。

背景干细胞和祖细胞的长期体内成像首先在无外科手术的连续生理再生中用于毛囊(Rompolas等人,2012)。相比之下,骨骼肌的干细胞在正常的内稳态期间主要是静止的和无活性的。需要肌肉的损伤来激活肌肉干细胞来安装再生过程。肌肉干细胞/祖细胞的体外成像已被广泛用于人造环境中的研究。为了了解在自然环境中再生过程中的肌肉干细胞行为,我们开发了一种在骨骼肌再生过程中对其进行成像的方法。我们的方法允许高达8小时的连续成像每次每次伤害后。这是在受伤/再生环境(Webster等人,2016)中首次观察到体内骨骼肌干细胞。

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