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Acrodisc Syringe Filters with Supor Membrane

Acrodisc® Syringe Filters with Supor® Membrane, 0.2 µm, 25 mm

Company: Pall
Catalog#: 4612
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Characterization of Protein Domain Function via in vitro DNA Shuffling
Author:
Date:
2018-06-05
[Abstract]  We recently investigated the molecular events that drive evolution of the CTX-M-type β-lactamases by DNA shuffling of fragments of the blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-15 genes. Analysis of a total of 51 hybrid enzymes showed that enzymatic activity could be maintained in most cases, yet the enzymatically active hybrids were found to possess much fewer amino acid substitutions than the few hybrids that became inactive, suggesting that point mutations in the constructs rather than reshuffling of the fragments of the two target genes would more likely cause disruption of CTX-M activity. Certain important residues that played important functional roles in mediating enzyme activity were identified. These findings suggest that DNA shuffling is an effective ... [摘要]  我们最近研究了通过对CTX-M-14和EMX-M-14的片段进行DNA改组来驱动CTX-M型β-内酰胺酶进化的分子事件, bla CTX-M-15基因。 总共51种杂合酶的分析显示酶活性在大多数情况下可以保持,但是酶活性杂合体被发现比少数杂交体具有少得多的氨基酸取代,这表明构建体中的点突变而不是 两个靶基因片段的重新洗牌将更可能导致CTX-M活性的破坏。 确定了一些在介导酶活性中起重要作用的重要残基。 这些发现表明,DNA改组是一种有效的方法来鉴定和表征细菌蛋白质中的重要功能结构域。

【背景】DNA重组是一种自然过程,通过该过程,细菌之间交换遗传物质以增强环境压力下的生存适应性。几种杂交CTX-M-内酰胺酶(CTX-M-64,CTX-M-123,CTX-M-137和CTX-M-132)可能是由bla CTX-M-14和 bla CTX-M-15基因是世界上最常见的变异体,近年来已有报道(Nagano et al。 ,2009; Tian et al。,2014; He et al。,2015; Liu et。, 2015年)。在这些杂合酶中,包含CTX-M-15的N-和C-末端部分和CTX-M-14的中间片段的CTX-M-64显示出比其亲本原型更高的催化活性(He <等)。,2015)。

DNA改组是一种分子途径,被设计为通过PCR介导的两种靶基因的随机组合来模拟和加速进化过程(Crameri ...

Isolation, BODIPY Labeling and Uptake of Exosomes in Hepatic Stellate Cells
Author:
Date:
2017-12-05
[Abstract]  Exosomes have emerged as an important mediator of intercellular communication. They are present in extracellular milieu and therefore, easily accessible by neighboring or distant cells. They carry mRNA, microRNAs and proteins within their vesicles and once internalized by recipient cells; they can modulate multiple signaling pathways with pleiotropic effects from inducing antiviral state to disease progression. We have previously shown that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected hepatocytes or hepatoma cells harboring genome-length replicon secrete exosomes in culture supernatants. These exosomes are taken up by hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and activate them to induce fibrosis during HCV infection. Here, we describe detailed protocols for exosomes isolation and uptake of BODIPY labeled exosomes ... [摘要]  外来体已经成为细胞间通讯的重要介质。 它们存在于细胞外环境中,因此可以被邻近或远处的细胞轻易获得。 它们在囊泡内携带mRNA,microRNA和蛋白质,并一度被受体细胞内化; 它们可以通过诱导抗病毒状态向疾病进展调节多种信号传导途径,具有多效性。 我们以前已经显示,携带基因组长度复制子的丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染的肝细胞或肝癌细胞在培养上清液中分泌外泌体。 这些外来体被肝星状细胞(HSC)摄取,并在HCV感染期间激活它们以诱导纤维化。 在这里,我们描述了外来体分离和肝星状细胞摄取BODIPY标记的外来体的详细的协议。

【背景】外来体是直径为40-150nm的小的膜结合的细胞外囊泡。已在所有体液中鉴定出它们,包括尿,羊水,血清,唾液,母乳,脑脊液,鼻分泌物和组织培养的细胞系的上清液中。外泌体通过转移微小RNA(mRNA),mRNA和蛋白质来介导细胞与细胞之间的通讯。 其可被邻近或远处的细胞摄取,并随后促进受体细胞中的信号传导(Schorey等人,2015)。外泌体富含蛋白质,包括四跨膜蛋白家族成员(CD9,CD81,CD63),热休克蛋白(Hsp60,Hsp70,Hsp90)和多泡体蛋白(annexins,RabGTPases和内体分选复合物,蛋白质)。最近的研究表明,外来体可以影响免疫应答(Li等人,2013; ...

Observation of Pneumococcal Phase Variation in Colony Morphology
Author:
Date:
2017-08-05
[Abstract]  Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is an important human pathogen that causes pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis, and otitis media. This bacterium normally resides in the nasopharynx as a commensal, but sometimes disseminates to sterile sites of humans and causes local or systemic inflammation. This biphasic behavior of S. pneumoniae is correlated with a reversible switch between the opaque and transparent colony forms on agar plates, a phenomenon referred to as phase variation. The opaque variants appear to be more virulent in animal models of bacteremia but are deficient in nasopharyngeal colonization animal models. In contrast, the transparent variants display higher levels of nasopharyngeal colonization but relatively lower virulence in animal models. We have ... [摘要]  肺炎链球菌(肺炎球菌)是导致肺炎,脑膜炎,败血症和中耳炎的重要人类病原体。这种细菌通常作为共生体存在于鼻咽中,但有时会传播到人类的无菌部位并导致局部或全身炎症。这种双相行为。肺炎支原体与琼脂平板上的不透明和透明集落形式之间的可逆转换相关,这称为相变。不透明变体在菌血症的动物模型中似乎更具毒性,但在鼻咽定殖动物模型中是缺陷的。相比之下,透明变体在动物模型中显示较高水平的鼻咽定植,但相对较低的毒力。我们最近证实,这两种菌落类型之间的肺炎球菌相变是由基因组DNA甲基化(或表观遗传)模式的可逆转换引起的,由DNA甲基转移酶基因的DNA反转驱动。菌落形态的观察是区分具有不同特征(如大小,颜色和不透明度)的菌落的简单且有用的方法。该方案描述了如何利用解剖显微镜研究集落形态的肺炎球菌相变。
【背景】肺炎链球菌是全球儿童细菌性肺炎,脑膜炎和败血症的主要原因(Walker等人,2013)。这种病原体在适应人类宿主的各种生态环境中的成功取决于其显着的表型可塑性(Croucher等人,2013; Johnston等人,,2014a) ,其已被荚膜多糖和表面蛋白质中的菌株间抗原变异反映(Croucher等人,2013和2011),获得新的毒力因子(Park等人, ...

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